International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2 Issue-5, November 2012 Analysis and Comparative Study of Different Parameters of Operational Amplifier using Bipolar Junction Transistor and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor using Tanner Tools Ankit Kapil, Arpan Shah, Rekha Agarwal, Sandhya Sharma used for my work for simulation and designing purposes then Abstract— Operational amplifier (Op-Amp) is used in linear I will present the different parameter results of BJT and AC operation and is widely used in electronic industry. What CMOS by Showing different simulation results and the follows are two operational amplifier designs using bipolar mathematical calculation which I approached here. junction transistor (BJT) technology and metal oxide field effect transistor (CMOS) technology. Presented designs will focus on the characteristics of both BJT and CMOS.BJT invented in 1940’s II. EDA TOOL and CMOS came in 1960’s and became popular due to low power because it draws current when switching states. In this analysis I Objectives of the Tool: will cover various aspects of an op-amp like power consumption, 1. To develop an understanding of design and simulation of offset voltage for small signal and large signal mode, input bias analog and digital logic circuits. current, input offset current, gain and frequency response, maximum and minimum voltage swing, slew rate etc. Operational 2. To get a basic understanding of layout of electronic Amplifier are important building blocks for a wide range of circuits. electronic circuits. They used in many linear, non-linear and 3. We will use Tanner tools for design and simulation. frequency-dependent circuits so they are most widely used 4. This presentation introduces us to Tanner tools. electronic device ,being used in a vast array of consumer, 5. Analog and Transient Waveforms can be easily Industrial and Scientific devices-MOS amplifiers can be operated understood. with power supplies down to 1.5 to 2.0 volts. This is using now a days in several advanced technologies like cell phones, smart Introduction to Tanner Tools:- phones ,I-pod and many more because it is many advantageous 1. Design is carried out with the help of SPICE. from electronic industry point of view. In my work I will cover the 2. SPICE-Simulation Program with Integrated- Circuit following points. Emphasis. 1. I will analyze and compare the different parameters of Op-amp using BJT and CMOS using tanner tools. 3. It is basically used to analyze microelectronic circuits. 2. Different waveforms will be finding out by manipulating 4. With the help of this we can analyze no of parameters different parameters in the circuit design and mathematical which makes it very useful. calculation and comparison will be done. 5. It is manufactured by Microsim Corporation for 3. At last all the results of different parameters which is commercial purposes. obtained by different simulations using programming on T-Spice window will be summarized in a table then conclusion will be III. TYPES OF ANALYSIS THAT CAN BE presented. PERFORMED Keywords– Op-amp, voltage swing, offset voltage, bias current, offset current, slew rate, power dissipation, gain and frequency Three basic types of analysis are: response. 1. DC ANALYSIS 2. TRANSIENT ANALYSIS I. INTRODUCTION 3. AC ANALYSIS Measuring the appropriate signals directly on the IC itself Some other types of analysis are: requires extreme mechanical and electrical measurement 1. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS precision and is limited to specific types of measurements so Computer programs that simulate the performance of an 2. TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS electronic circuit provide a simple, cost effective means of 3. NOISE ANALYSIS confirming the intended operation prior to the circuit 4. FOURIER ANALYSIS construction and of verifying new ideas that could lead to improved circuit performance. In this paper first of all I would IV. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS like to give an brief overview of tanner tools which actually I A detailed analysis of the 741 op-amp circuit: Manuscript Received on November, 2012. Ankit Kapil, Student, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. Arpan Shah, Student, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. Rekha Agarwal, Asst. Prof. , Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. Sandhya Sharma, Asso. Prof., Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. Published By: Retrieval Number: E0982092512/2012©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 19 & Sciences Publication Analysis and Comparative Study of Different Parameters of Operational Amplifier using Bipolar Junction Transistor and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor using Tanner Tools Here first of all I will take the detailed circuit of 741 3. Output voltage swing: Op-amp which is shown below in which two power supplies Linear region is from -360 micro volts to -268 micro volts i.e. +Vcc and –Vee, a coupling capacitor Cc, 11 resistors this corresponds to maximum output voltage swing bounded named R1 to R11, 10 PNP and 15 NPN transistors with their from -13.2 volts to +13.2 volts. respective parameters are taken. DC gain = output voltage swing / input voltage swing 25 25 = 13.2 volts - (-13.2 volts) / -268 micro volts – (-360 micro 0.75X 25 0.25X 6 Q13A !PNP volts) 25 25 25 Q13B !PNP Q12 !PNP 3X = 26.4 volts / 92 mV Q8 !PNP Q14 !NPN Q9 !PNP 17 = +287 kv/v Q2 !NPN 23 4 - Q15 !NPN + Q1 !NPN Q19 !NPN 4. DC Offset voltage: 1 2 12 13 C1 30p R5 39k R5 18 Q18 !NPN Here the transfer characteristics of this amplifier cross the Q3 !PNP 27 R6 22 3 Q4 !PNP output voltage(V0) 0v output axis somewhere between -320 micro volts to -310 25 40k R10 5 25 27 R7 19 Q21 !NPN micro volts. A closer look and careful look using probe Q10 !NPN 16 21 Q11 !NPN 8 Q16 !NPN 7 Q7 !NPN Q20 !PNP indicated that the crossover point occurs at -314.1 micro 14 Q17 !NPN Q23 !PNP 3X 24 26 9 15 26 Q5 !NPN Q6 !NPN volts. R4 5k R4 11 20 10 50k R9 26 100 R8 26 R3 50k R3 5. Input bias current: R1 1k R1 R2 1k R2 Q22 !NPN Q24 !NPN 26 R11 50k R11 NAME EV+ EV- 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 V-SOURCE 1.571E-04 1.571E-04 I-SOURCE 3.440E-08 3.456E-08 Figure 1.1 741 Op-amp circuit. So from the above description we know that the current at EV+ source is -34.40nA and at the EV- it is equal to A detailed circuit schematic of the 741 op amp which I have -34.56nA. So the input bias current can be calculated as used in all my analysis consists five main parts: I = ((-34.40nA) + (-34.56nA)) / 2 1. The bias current B I =34.48nA 2. The input gain stage B 3. The second gain stage 6. Input offset current: 4. The output buffer and The input offset current can be calculated with the help of 5. The short-circuit protection stage difference of two currents. Now I will present different parameters of Opamp with their IOS= (-34.40nA) - (-34.56nA) respective waveform and mathematical calculations IOS= 0.16nA 1. DC Analysis of 741 Op-amp: 7. Power dissipation: A DC operating-point analysis will provide us with some The total power dissipation can be calculated by P=V*I. insight into the DC behavior of all the transistors in the Here current at Power supply is from +15 volts to -15 volts Op-amp circuit for grounded inputs, in case such insight is that is equal to 30 volts and current at Vcc is 1.841E-03 so needed. DC sweep so that the input differential voltage is power can be calculated as: varied between the limits of the two power supplies. after the Power dissipation =(Vcc x current at Vcc) 55.2mW submission to Spice we refine the sweep range to vary between -400 micro volts to -200 micro volts 8. Gain and frequency response of the 741 Op-amp: The low frequency current drawn by the op-amp was found 2. Transient analysis of 741 Op-amp: to be FREQUENCY Im (EV+) Im (EV-) 1.000E-01 2.766E-07 2.732E-07 On the simulation of this Spice deck W-editor give the following response. T-Spice1 im1( ev- ) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 100m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M Current Magnitude (uA) Frequency (Hz) T-Spice1 im1( ev+) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 100m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M Current Magnitude (uA) Frequency (Hz) T-Spice1 vp( 22) 200 150 100 50 0 - 50 - 100 - 150 - 200 100m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M Voltage Phase (deg) Frequency (Hz) T-Spice1 vdb( 22) 10 0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 70 - 80 - 90 - 100 - 110 - 120 100m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M Voltage Magnitude (dB) Frequency (Hz) Figure 1.2 Large-signal differential-input transfer Figure 1.3 Frequency and phase response of the 741 characteristic for the 741 Op-amp circuit. The input op-amp. common-mode voltage level is set to 0. Published By: Retrieval Number: E0982092512/2012©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 20 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-2 Issue-5, November 2012 9. Slew rate of the 741 Op-amp: Vdd=+5v 4 4 4 4 Slew rate limiting is an important attribute of op-amp M5 2N6804 9 M7 2N6804 behavior and usually limits the high-frequency operation of M8 2N6804 op-amp circuits. For this we can connect the op-amp in a unity 4 + - gain configuration and apply a large voltage pulse to its input M1 2N6804 6 2 3 V0 1 so as to revel both its positive going and negative going slew M2 2N6804 Iref 25 10 rates.