SALISBURY UNIVERSITY Undergraduate Academic Journal BLACK GIRL M/\G/C Volume 2 – Fall 2020 Salisbury University Offce of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (OURCA) Enough Is Enough Eric Johnson Jr. (Featured on the Cover) ABSTRACT Racism has led to continuous confict between people since the beginning of time, and it is time for this evil to end – enough is enough. Since the beginning of 2020, we have lost many lives due to COVID-19 and police brutality as the whole world watched. Police brutality is the use of excessive force by an offcer, which can be legally defned as a civil rights violation. Over the years, we have lost many of our citizens and justice was not served. Eric Garner, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbrey … and so many more. The fact that I can fll at least two pages with victims is sickening – enough is enough! The brutality against African Americans this year has spiked to a recent all-time high. The videos of police killings have flled the news and internet – enough is enough. The death of George Floyd was heartbreaking. I personally couldn’t even fnish watching because the video was just so gruesome. All the lives that we have lost this year are heartbreaking – enough is enough. In this moment, the time we are in now, we do not need division. Instead, we need to come together in unity. The purpose of these photos is to show that enough is enough. I believe that one day we will all see the light at the end of this dark tunnel, but we have a long way still to go in order to come together. Our journey will not end today, or tomorrow, or the next day, but eventually we will get there together. ALL LIVES WON’T MATTER, UNTIL BLACK LIVES MATTER. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The artist thanks his family, the Johnsons, for their support and for their willingness to be photographed for this project, and Jeanne Anderton, who served as the faculty mentor for this project. SALISBURY UNIVERSITY Undergraduate Academic Journal Contents Letter from the Founder .....................................................................................................................................................................1 Letter from the Editor-in-Chief .........................................................................................................................................................1 Letter from the Inaugural Editor-in-Chief ........................................................................................................................................1 Articles (articles appear in the style of their discipline) The Wizarding World of Oncology: Harry Potter, Cancer Initiating Stem Cells, and the Tumor Microenvironment - Madison MacDougall; Illustrated by Marrissa Izykowicz ................................................................................................................3 Putting a Check in All the Boxes: The Case for the National Voter Registration App - Brittany Grubb .....................................9 The Defnition of Grammar in the Writing Center: A Research Study - Allison Guy ...............................................................14 The History, Lifecycle, and Importance of the Hawaiian Language: An Overview - Madison Baloy .......................................20 Western Views and How They Harm Conservation Efforts - Cailyn Joseph.................................................................................24 The Lowell Textile Mills: The Economic Independence of the Lowell Mill Girls - Samantha Steltzer .......................................30 Affordable Housing First: A Transition from Emergency Care to Prevention of Chronic Homelessness - Haley Taylor..........37 Women’s Education and Careers: Understanding the Gender Gap in STEM and Engineering - Brianna Domenick ...............43 Deforestation Policies in Oregon and the European Union - Matthew Bernor ..............................................................................49 The Effects of Music and Movies on Dental Anxiety - Ines Nana Tchienga, Tehzeeb Hassan, Kaitlyn Nibblet, Francis Morgan, Emma Schmitt, Shannon Chambers, Echo Leaver ................................................................................................................................53 Germ-Free Environment Associated Immune Dysregulation - Anna Brennan ...........................................................................62 Quantifcation of Mg2+ Ion Uptake and Release with Escherichia coli Cells - Amber Ngo ............................................................65 Investigating Regulation of 3-Hydroxypropionate Assimilation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides - Madison Jermain, Steven Carlson, Birgit E Alber, Michael Carter ....................................................................................................................................................71 Implementation of Improved Parallel Stable Matching Algorithms - Michael Mandulak, Enyue Lu ...........................................76 Poetry Yearning for Change - Jirah Ross .................................................................................................................................................2 Time - Jaden Long .......................................................................................................................................................................79 Art Enough Is Enough - Eric Johnson Jr. .......................................................................................................(Featured on the Cover) Ahomé - Gloria Atameklo ...............................................................................................................................................................8 Воскресенье - Volha Panco .........................................................................................................................................................23 Detonate - D’Shon Jae McCarthy .......................................................................................................................................................48 Defying Gravity - Volha Panco ....................................................................................................................................................70 Letter from the Founder Welcome to our second edition of the Laridae undergraduate research journal. Last fall, our team of faculty and undergraduate researchers at the Offce of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity worked exceptionally hard to present the inaugural edition of this journal in November 2019. It featured 12 outstanding academic papers that explored topics in areas including, but not limited to, psychology, literature, education, biology, and chemistry, as well as original artwork from one of our fellow Sea Gulls. It was an exciting experience for everyone involved, and we yearned to feature more students in our next edition. Thanks to the combined efforts of everyone at Laridae, OURCA, and your classmates, we bring to you the second edition of the Laridae, SU’s undergraduate research journal. We invite you to read, view, and enjoy the many excellent works in this edition. These works demonstrate amazing creative thinking and embody the spirit of collaboration and undergraduate research on which Salisbury University prides itself and from which many students, including myself, have greatly beneftted. The mission of this journal is to refect the brilliant work that SU students undertake within their respective areas of study. Laridae hones the academic diversity on our campus to showcase the many possibilities that our university strives to create with every opportunity. I hope that as you read the papers and view the works of art, you will be inspired to write, own your creativity, and make the most of your opportunities and your education. Abiodun Adeoye Founder Letter from the Editor-in-Chief Despite COVID-19, Salisbury University still holds strong. All around SU, students are fnding ways to stay engaged in research by dedicating time to labs across campus, diligently attending Zoom meetings, and creating amazing works of art. Inside the journal, you will see works from majors housed in Salisbury’s many colleges and schools and relevant creative works that refect today’s important events such as the Black Lives Matter movement. From meticulous, detailed analyses, to the aesthetic works of the visual arts and the literary beauties found in creative writing, Laridae represents the best and brightest minds at Salisbury University. We are proud to present the second edition. Laridae strives to provide a platform for undergraduate students to showcase their brilliant creative and academic works. As a leading institution in undergraduate research, SU offers students opportunities to explore and engage with competing ideas from diverse felds. The Offce of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (OURCA), along with the faculty and staff at SU, provide the momentum behind our rich research environment. Without their support, most of the students would not have the resources to start these projects and Laridae itself would not have become reality. Since our frst edition of Laridae that debuted November 2019, we have worked tirelessly to uphold the highest standards. Recently, we’ve improved our application process by incorporating more faculty in the review phase. Over the course of the 2020 cycle, we received 32 submissions and accepted 14 manuscripts and seven creative works, which included two poems, three paintings and two photography