International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW First Publication 2015 www.ijsshr.com Copyright @ International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review ISSN 2276 - 8645 Published by Platinumlink Communication Services, Abakaliki. VOL.5 NO.1 FEBRUARY 2015. I International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, 2015 Guidelines for Submission of Articles Authors are to submit clear copies of manuscripts type-written, double-spaced on A4 paper with margin on both sides not more than 15-20 pages in length including abstract and references. The title pages of Articles should carry the authors names, status, addresses, place of work e-mail address and phone numbers and abstract about 250 words (with at least five key words). Manuscripts are received on the understanding that they are original and unpublished works of authors not considered for publication else where Current APA style of referencing should be maintained. Figures, tables, charts and drawing should be clearly drawn and the position marked in the text. All manuscripts and other editorial materials should be directed to the: Editor-in-chief Dr. Oteh, Chukwuemeka Okpo Department of Sociology/Anthropology Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +2348034356286 OR Dr. E.B.J Iheriohanma Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. e-mail: [email protected] All online submission of Articles should be forwarded to: www.ijsshr.com Please visit our website at www.ijsshr.com for direction on how to submit papers online. II International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, 2015 EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: DR. OTEHCHUKWUEMEKAOKPO Department of Sociology/Anthropology Kogi State University- Anyigba e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] CONSULTANT EDITORS: PROF. I.V.O. MODO Department of Sociology/Anthropology University of Uyo AkwaIbom State PROF. NTUNDE FLORA Department of Sociology/Anthropology Enugu State University of Sciences & Technology ESUT PROF E.B.J. IHERIOHANMA Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] DR. LIONEL E.UKOKA Department of General Studies Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene DR. C.I. ANAH Directorate of General Studies Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State Nigeria DR. WALTER MBOTO Department of Sociology/ Anthropology University of Calabar Cross-Rivers State DR. EDET ABU SOLOMON Department of Sociology/Anthropology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. DR. NNAMDITOBECHUKWUEKEANYANWU Head, Department of Mass Communication Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. Email: [email protected] [email protected] DR. OKOLO, N. C. Sociology Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Sokoto State, Nigeria. E-mail [email protected] III International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, 2015 CONTENTS 1. SEEING COLOURS: RACE IN NOLLYWOOD FILMS - EKWENCHI OGOCHUKWU C. (Ph.D) ……………………………………………………1 2. EFFECTS OF AUDITORY PROCESSING THERAPY ON ATTENTION SPAN OF PERSONS WITH DOWN SYNDROME - GIGINA ONYEKA CHRISTIAN; EJIKE HYACINTH MGBENKEMDI (Ph.D) & PROF OBY OMEJE .....................................................13 3. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RECRUITMENT POLICY OF THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE - USMAN MADUGU & OKAFOR IKECHUKWU JOSEPH ……………………………………………….26 4. GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: A REVIEW - CHUKWUKERE, PEACE O. & ONYENECHERE, EMMANUELLA C. ……………………………………..34 5. INTERNATIONAL STUDENT’S STUDYING ABROAD CHALLENGES: CULTURE SHOCK? - EZE OGBONNIA EZE (Ph.D) ……………………………………44 6. THE CRISIS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN AFRICA: A FOCUS ON NIGERIA - DAHIDA DEEWUA PHILIP (Ph.D) ………………………………………52 7. JOB SATISFACTION AND THE NEED TO IMPROVE TEACHERS RETENTION WITH SUPPORTIVE WORKPLACE CONDITIONS IN NIGERIA PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS - SOLOMON OKWENDI (Ph.D) & BARISUA ERNEST NWIDAG (Ph.D) ……………………………………………….67 8. PENTECOSTALISM AND MEDIA: A REFLECTION ON SPACE CONTESTATION ON THE INTERNET - SELOME IGBEKELE KUPONU (Ph.D) ………………………………………74 9. PRINT MEDIA COVERAGE OF SAME SEX MARRIAGE LAW IN NIGERIA: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SUN, THISDAY, GUARDIAN AND VANGUARD NEWSPAPERS - CHINENYE NWABUEZE (Ph.D); CHINEDU IGBOELI (Ph.D); PETER IKEGBUNAM & EMMANUEL OKIKA ………………………………………79 IV International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, 2015 10. LAW, PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA: ENCAPSULATING CONFLICTS UNDER A CLIMATE OF CULTURAL PLURALISM - P. OKECHUKWU EKE ……………………………………………89 11. JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION TRAINING IN NIGERIA: SOME CRITICAL THOUGHTS - OLUSEGUN W. OJOMO (Ph.D) ………………………………………..101 12. CRIME AND CRIMINALITY OF POST COLONIAL AND PRESENT DAY EHUGBO PEOPLE OF IGBO EXTRACTION IN RETROSPECT - ALEXANDER ANICHIE (Ph.D) & EBISI NJIDEKA (Ph.D) ………………………………………….110 13. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS PRECEDENT AND PROBLEMS INHERENT IN IMPLEMENTING COMMUNITY POLICING IN EBONYI STATE NIGERIA - UDUDE, K. O. (Ph.D) ………………………………………115 14. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR - OYIDIRAN PHILIP ADEYINKA (Ph.D); AHMED TAFIDA DAGAUDA (Ph.D) & GIMBA MOHAMMED ………………………………………126 15. WEBSITE DESIGN AND HOSTING USING DREAMWEAVER: A PANACEA FOR THE GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (USING AROCHUKWU LGA AS A CASE STUDY) - OKORE NWANKWO AKUMA & IGBOKA G. O. ……………………………………….146 16. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON SELF-EFFICACY OF NIGERIAN POLICE PERSONNEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMBATING TERRORISM IN NIGERIA - OKECHUKWU DOMINIC NWANKWO & RONALD C.N. OGINYI (Ph.D) ……………………………………….154 17. HARMFUL CULTURAL PRACTICES AGAINST WOMEN IN NIGERIA: A CALL TO “SET THE RIGHT AGENDA” USING COMMUNITY RADIO - NWAMMUO, ANGELA NKIRU (Ph.D) ………………………………………184 V International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews Vol.5 No.1, February, 2015; p.1 – 12, (ISSN: 2276-8645) SEEING COLOURS: RACE IN NOLLYWOOD FILMS EKWENCHI, OGOCHUKWU C. Department of Mass Communication Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State Mobile: +2348136704499 Email: [email protected] Abstract Since the discourses of love, betrayal, unbridled and destructive ambition that in 1992 gave the industry its first blockbuster, Living in Bondage, Nollywood, criticized in the literature for simplistic plots, is no longer shy to take on complex and controversial subjects. Racial difference is among the subjects the industry has been turning its attention to recently. But the Nigerian film maker cannot be said to have nothing to go on in this direction. In fact, Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and its much copied theme of conflict between tradition and modernity, is among the earliest representations of difference in the contemporary Nigerian popular culture. Some Nollywood producers have, however, moved away from this famous trope to offer a more contemporary take on the subject which takes into account the current reality of the relations between Nigerians and the `other’ living among them. So, how does the popular culture industry, Nollywood, represent difference in today’s Nigeria? This article answers the above question and more through an analysis of three Nollywood’s feature films: White Hunters, John Bull My Son and Brain Masters. It employs Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as well as historical analysis and identifies binary opposition and stereotype as dominant strategies used by the makers of the three feature films in representing `whiteness’ and `blackness’. The article argues that as discourses of racial difference, while the three feature films may have made some efforts at reversing some stereotypes of the black race, they have mostly, however, managed to domesticate, reinforce and legitimate dominant racist images of Africa and African people circulating in western popular culture. Key Words: representation, race, difference, stereotype, Nollywood films, Critical Discourse Analysis Introduction Representation, we learn, is a social practice. Whether they are more than a century old in the business film of production like Hollywood or are only a few decades old as is the case with Nigeria’s Nollywood, major film industries around the world have evolved and conventionalised recognizable ways of representing people, objects, events, themes or any subject on which the film maker may choose to focus his camera’s lens. Representation is also primarily about meaning making. From literature we equally find various explanations regarding how meaning is made and where it resides. There are three approaches in accounting for meaning in representation or for explaining where meaning comes from. The reflective or mimetic approach, for instance, argues that language or film, in this case, functions like a mirror by reflecting, imitating or mirroring the truth that is already in existence. The intentional approach, on the other hand, holds that meaning resides with the author of the creative output or the film maker (as we stay a bit longer with this illustration). Put differently, the film maker, through his art, imposes his own particular view or meaning on the world. The constructionist or constructivist approach is of the view that meaning can neither be ultimately determined by the things in the world nor by the author or film maker; rather meaning is constructed using signs