TEXTE 81 /2013 Substantive implement- tation of Article 29 of Directive 2008/98/EC -Scientific-technical foundation for a national waste prevention programme - | TEXTE | 81/2013 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, NATURE CONSERVATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY Project No. (FKZ) 3710 32 310 Report No. (UBA-FB) 001760 E Substantive implementation of Article 29 of Directive 2008/98/EC -scientific-technical foundation for a national waste prevention programme - by Günther Dehoust, Dirk Jepsen, Florian Knappe, Henning Wilts With contributions by Martin Gsell, Theo Schneider, Dr. Norbert Kopytziok, Olaf Wirth, Laura Spengler, Knut Sander, Joachim Reinhardt, Dr. Georg Mehlhart, Alexandra Möck, Peter Küppers, Alexandra Robinson, Ulrike Meyer-Hanschen Öko-Institut e.V., Freiburg / Ökopol GmbH, Hamburg / ifeu GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany On behalf of the Federal Environment Agency (Germany) UMWELTBUNDESAMT This publication is only available online. It can be downloaded from https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/substantive- implementation-of-article-29-of along with a German version. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions. ISSN 1862-4804 Study performed by: Öko-Institut e.V. Postfach 1771 79017 Freiburg, Germany Study completed in: January 2013 Publisher: Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) Wörlitzer Platz 1 06844 Dessau-Roßlau Germany Phone: +49-340-2103-0 Fax: +49-340-2103 2285 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de/ Edited by: Section III 1.5 Municipal Waste Management, Hazardous Wastes, Focal Point to the Basel Convention Susann Krause, Dr. Joachim Wuttke Dessau-Roßlau, September 2013 Abstract Based on the European Waste Framework Directive and the German Recycling Management Act of 01.06.2012 the objectives for a national waste prevention programme were defined. As main objective, according to art. 1 WFD, the "prevention or reduction of the disadvan- tageous impacts of waste generation and management on the human health and the environment" is recommended. Indicators for a quantitative and qualitative monitoring are derived for both, the individual measures as well as for a waste prevention programme. The almost 300 measures on waste prevention by the public authorities from the collection of examples of the previous project are initially evaluated and consolidated. Along the life-cycle stages raw material extraction, product design, logistics, trade, purchase, utilisation and waste disposal, they are systematically classified. The waste prevention potential and the ecological impacts of selected individual measures are evaluated for orientation. The essential effects are gained through prevention of environmental pollution in the "prevented" production expenditures, e.g. through the intensified use and prolonged life span of products. Part of this is as well the promotion of a second hand market in order to reuse goods. Economic and social impacts are described selectively. Based on the evaluation, suitable waste prevention measures are suggested for the national waste prevention programme. II Substantive implementation of Article 29 of Directive 2008/98/EC Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ II Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... III List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ XII List of Tables .............................................................................................................................XIV List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... II 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Objectives/Targets ............................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Objectives of waste reduction after WFD............................................................................ 2 2.1.1 Principal objectives .................................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Secondary objectives ................................................................................................. 2 2.1.2.1 Substantiation of the secondary objectives with regard to waste reduction ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.2.2 Purpose and objectives of a waste prevention programme ...................................... 3 2.2 Partitioning into target levels along the supply chain ..................................................... 3 2.3 Targets ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 Targets according to WFD ........................................................................................ 4 2.3.2 Quantitative objectives .............................................................................................. 5 2.3.3 Qualitative targets for the waste prevention programme.................................... 5 3 Indicators for waste prevention ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Procedure ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Target dimensions of an indicator system for waste reduction ....................................... 8 3.3 Methodological challenges ................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Criteria for the development of indicators ....................................................................... 10 3.5 Indicator systems on the European level .......................................................................... 10 3.5.1 Guidelines for waste prevention ............................................................................ 11 3.5.2 Indicators for waste prevention ............................................................................. 12 3.5.3 Overview of waste reduction indicators ............................................................... 13 3.5.4 Waste prevention indicators in the Pre-Waste Project ....................................... 13 3.6 Conceptual basis for indicator development.................................................................... 14 3.6.1 Relation to the identified target levels ................................................................. 14 3.6.2 Orientation towards the entire life-cycle .............................................................. 14 3.7 Indicator development ........................................................................................................16 III Substantive implementation of Article 29 of Directive 2008/98/EC 3.7.1 Indicators referring to successes of waste prevention ........................................ 17 3.7.2 Indicators referring to approaches of waste prevention .................................... 22 3.7.3 Overview and prioritisation....................................................................................24 4 Clustering and consolidating measures ...................................................................................... 25 4.1 Methodological Procedure ..................................................................................................25 4.1.1 Step 1: Structuring the points of leverage of measures along the measure areas of the WFD ..................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Step 2: (Review of the existing) assignment of measures ................................... 28 4.1.3 Step 3: Clustering the measures ............................................................................ 29 4.1.4 Step 4: Consolidation ..............................................................................................30 4.2 Findings of applying the methodology ............................................................................. 30 4.2.1 Findings for Field A: General framework conditions .......................................... 30 4.2.2 Findings for Field B: Design, production and distribution phase ..................... 32 4.2.3 Findings for Field C: Waste-preventing use ......................................................... 34 5 Assessment method for the estimation of environmental consequences .............................. 36 5.1 Waste prevention potential and environmental impacts of measures to extend product lifespan ......................................................................................................38 5.1.1 Example: Washing machine .................................................................................. 39 5.1.2 Example: Passenger cars .........................................................................................42 5.1.3 Example: Printer ......................................................................................................43 5.1.4 Example: Laptop ......................................................................................................46