ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: SUB CULTURAL RIFT: AN AFFIRMATION ON AMERICAN SOCIAL CONFLICT Kevin Garzon, Master of Architecture, 2018 Thesis Directed By: Professor, Ming Hu, School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation Whether in equilibrium or imbalance, social conflict is inherent in any dynamic society, particularly in American culture. More recently it is apparent that social conflict in America is entering a phase of uncompromising imbalance where ideological differences between opposing social entities and their actions have created a noticeable ‘rift’ within the American strata. As a perpetual force, conflict is part of the social fabric that creates a dynamic society, however the effects created by any internal conflict can be extremely detrimental to entities on either side, more importantly to the society in its entirety. The result is an open wound in the social realm of the American culture that is being further contaminated. This thesis looks to materialize American social conflict in the form of an inhabitable monument by means of externalized social experiences to promote National awareness. It will seek to acknowledge the current state of American social strife and the underlying issues prevalent in the American social construct. Socially driven architecture will provide a stark reality regarding underlying American social issues for the public to reflect and meditate on the realities of modern America as well as their own lives as they begin to identify with those afflicted. SUB CULTURAL RIFT: AN AFFIRMATION ON AMERICAN SOCIAL CONFLICT by Kevin Garzon Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture 2018 Advisory Committee: Ming Hu, Chair Karl Dupuy, Committee Member Hooman Koliji, Committee Member © Copyright by Kevin Garzon 2018 Acknowledgements Those afflicted. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1: American Social Conflict ............................................................................ 1 The Issues.................................................................................................................. 1 By the Numbers .................................................................................................... 1 Struggle Portrayed .............................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2: American Interview ................................................................................... 17 Interview Overview ................................................................................................ 17 Document ............................................................................................................ 17 Incidents & Emotional Spatial Experience ......................................................... 18 Chapter 3: Site Selection & Analysis.......................................................................... 21 Washington, D.C. .................................................................................................... 21 Site Selection Process ......................................................................................... 21 Site Analysis ....................................................................................................... 23 The Washington Monument & The Jefferson Pier Marker .................................... 27 Chapter 4: Architectural Precedents ........................................................................... 29 Spomeniks ............................................................................................................... 29 Roden Crater ........................................................................................................... 32 Tempietto ................................................................................................................ 34 Steilneset Memorial ................................................................................................ 35 Chapter 5: Design ....................................................................................................... 39 The Inhabitable Monument ..................................................................................... 39 The Story ............................................................................................................. 39 Scheme Options .................................................................................................. 39 Monumental Divide ............................................................................................ 40 Symbolic Intrusion .............................................................................................. 42 Deep Wounds ...................................................................................................... 44 Final Scheme ........................................................................................................... 46 Informed Parti & Principles ................................................................................ 46 Spatial Progression.............................................................................................. 49 The Designers Journey ........................................................................................ 56 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 58 iii List of Figures Figure 1.1: White men out-earn black and Hispanic men and all groups of women .... 2 Figure 1.2: All Houses Matter ...................................................................................... 4 Figure 1.3: Sexual Harassment of Women in the Workplace ....................................... 6 Figure 1.4: Unwanted Sexual Advances ....................................................................... 7 Figure 1.5: Brock Turner in a sentencing photo ........................................................... 9 Figure 1.6: Brock Turner Original Mug Shot ............................................................... 9 Figure 1.7: Perceptions of Discrimination .................................................................. 10 Figure 1.8: Gun Violence ............................................................................................ 13 Figure 1.9: Hate Crime ............................................................................................... 14 Figure 1.10: Police Brutality ....................................................................................... 14 Figure 1.11: Poverty.................................................................................................... 15 Figure 1.12: Rape ........................................................................................................ 15 Figure 1.13: Synthesis ................................................................................................. 16 Figure 2.1: Interview Overview .................................................................................. 17 Figure 2.2: Internalized Conflict ................................................................................. 18 Figure 2.3: Externalized Conflict ................................................................................ 18 Figure 2.4: Vocabulary of Struggle ............................................................................ 20 Figure 3.1: Site Selection Matrix ................................................................................ 23 Figure 3.2: Political Significance ................................................................................ 24 Figure 3.3: Public Domain .......................................................................................... 25 Figure 3.4: Memorials & Monuments ........................................................................ 26 Figure 3.5: Heart of the Nation ................................................................................... 27 Figure 4.1: Spomenik #9 (Jasenovac) ......................................................................... 30 Figure 4.2: Spomenik #22 (Ostra) .............................................................................. 30 Figure 4.3: Spomenik #3 (Kosmaj) ............................................................................. 31 Figure 4.4: Spomenik #16 (Tjentište) ......................................................................... 31 Figure 4.5: Spomenik #13 (Korenica) ........................................................................ 32 iv Figure 4.6: Crater Eye ................................................................................................. 33 Figure 4.7: Crater Bowl .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 4.8: Tempietto.................................................................................................. 35 Figure 4.9: The Damned, the Possessed, and the Beloved ......................................... 36 Figure 4.10: Steilneset Memorial ................................................................................ 37 Figure