ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTALMENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH ASEANMENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN for Mental Health SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS ASEAN: A Community of Opportunities ASEAN @ASEAN one vision one identity www.asean.org one community ASEAN MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS The ASEAN Secretariat Jakarta The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia. For inquiries, contact: The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division (CRD) 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110 Indonesia Phone : (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991 Fax : (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504 E-mail : [email protected] Catalogue-in-Publication Data Harry Minas (Editor) ASEAN Mental Health Systems Jakarta, ASEAN Secretariat, December 2016 362.22959 1. ASEAN – Mental Health 2. Mental Health – Community Empowerment ISBN 978-602-6392-28-2 ASEAN: A Community of Opportunities The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Community Relations Division (CRD) of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2016. All rights reserved. All photos credit: ASEAN Member States. CO NTENTS Table of Contents i Message from the Secretary-General of ASEAN ix BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Introduction 2 General Health System 3 Mental Health Problems in the Community 4 Mental Health System 5 Law 5 Policy 6 Facilities 6 Human Resources 7 Financing 9 Mental Health Services 9 Medicines 11 Human Rights 12 Health Information Systems 12 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 12 Community Empowerment 13 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 14 References 16 CAMBODIA Introduction 18 General Health System 19 Mental Health Problems in the Community 24 Mental Health System 25 Mental Health Governance 25 i Mental Health Facilities 27 Mental Health Human Resources 28 Financing 29 Mental Health Services 29 Referral Hospital 29 Health Centre Level 30 Medicines 31 Human Rights 31 Health Information System 31 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 32 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 33 Priorities 33 Challenges 33 Opportunities 33 References 35 INDONESIA Introduction 38 General Health System 39 Mental Health Problems in the Community 41 Mental Health System 42 Facilities 43 Human Resources 44 Financing 47 Mental Health Services 49 Medicines 50 Human Rights 51 Community Empowerment 51 Health Information Systems 52 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 53 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 54 References 56 ii LAPDO R Introduction 58 Health Services Delivery System 58 Mental Health Problems in the Community 58 Mental Health System 59 Mental Health Integration into Health Care System Policy and/or Regulation 59 Health Resources 59 Mental Health Financing 60 Mental Health Care Delivery 60 Primary Care 60 Mental Health Services in General Hospitals 61 Medicines 61 Information System 61 Community Empowerment 61 References 62 MalaysIA Introduction 64 General Health System 64 Healthcare Facilities, 2013 65 Mental Health Problems in the Community 66 Mental Health System 66 Vision and Mission for Mental Health 66 The National Mental Health Policy 67 Mental Health Framework 67 Mental Health Governance 68 Mental Health Act and Legislation 68 Mental Health Resources 68 Mental Health Financing 69 Community Mental Health Program in Malaysia 70 Mental Health Promotion 70 Healthy Mind Program in School 71 iii Suicide Prevention Program 71 Psychosocial Response to Disaster 72 Mental Health Services 73 Mental Health Services in Primary Care 73 Mental Health Screening and Intervention 74 Treatment and Follow-Up of the Stable Mentally Ill 75 Psychosocial Rehabilitation 76 Mental Health Services in the Hospitals 76 Community-Based Mental Health Services 77 Non-Governmental Organisations 77 Training 78 Guidelines and Modules 78 Information Systems 79 MyanmaR Introduction 82 General Health System 84 Health System Priorities 87 An Overview of the Scope and Role of Primary Care in the General Health System 89 Mental Health Problems in the Community 90 Access to Primary Care and Specialist Mental Health Services and Barriers to Access 90 Mental Health System 92 Law 92 Policy 92 Aim of Mental Health Services 92 Strategy 93 Facilities 94 Human Resources 95 Financing 96 Services 96 Hospital-Based Mental Health Care Services 96 Community-Based Mental Health Services 97 iv Medicines 97 Human Rights 98 Health Information Systems 98 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 99 Community Empowerment 100 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 101 References 102 PHILIPPINES Introduction 104 General Health System 106 Health System Governance and Organization 106 Financing 107 Human Resources 108 Health System Priorities 109 Mental Health Problems in the Community 109 Mental Health System 110 Human Resources 111 Services 112 Medications 112 Mental Health in Primary Health Care 112 Health Information Systems 113 Community Empowerment 114 References 115 SINGAPORE Introduction 118 Healthcare Financing 118 Health Care System 119 Mental Health in Singapore 121 Mental Health Promotion 122 v Mental Health Services 123 Development of Mental Health Services – Community Empowerment 124 Mental Health Workforce 125 Mental Health Expenditure 126 Law 126 Medicines 127 Information System 127 The Future in Singapore’s Mental Health Landscape 127 References 129 THAILAND Introduction 132 General Health System 133 Health System Governance and Organisation 133 Health Services Delivery Levels 134 Health Financing 135 Health Workforce 136 Health Service Priorities 137 Access to Services 138 Mental Health Problems in Community 139 Epidemiology 139 Community Mental Health Awareness 139 Mental Health System 140 Governance/Administration 140 Law 140 Policy 140 Facilities 141 Human Resources 141 Mental Health Cadres 142 Mental Health Financing 144 Mental Health Services 144 Primary Care 144 Education and Training 145 Provision of Medicines in Primary Care and in General Hospitals 145 vi Human Rights 146 Information Systems 146 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 146 Community Mental Health Empowerment 147 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 148 References 149 VIN ET AM Introduction 152 General Health System 153 Mental Health Problems in the Community 156 Mental Health System 158 Mental Health Governance 158 Mental Health Law and Policy 159 Mental Health Facilities 159 Mental Health Human Resources 160 Financing 161 Services 161 Medicines 162 Human Rights 163 Mental Health Information System 163 Integrating Mental Health into the National Health System 165 Community Empowerment 165 Priorities, Challenges and Opportunities 165 References 167 vii viii Message The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint 2025 promotes a healthy, caring, sustainable and productive community that practices healthy lifestyle resilient to health threats and has universal access to health care. Mental health is identified as one of the health priorities under the ASEAN Post 2015 Health Development Agenda for 2016-2020. The ASEAN Mental Health Systems Report catalogues the situation of mental health in ASEAN Member States. This report provides comprehensive information on the progress made so far by AMS in integrating mental health into national health systems, increasing access to care as well as challenges faced. It also offers recommendations on how to improve the mental health system in respective ASEAN Member States. The publication of this report was endorsed by the ASEAN Work Plan on Mental Health 2011-2015 under the purview of the ASEAN Mental Health