9/7/2011 AUTHORS BioNB 4240 Discussion: Sep. 7, 2011 Karin Zhu Rafael Yuste and David W. Tank (1996): Dr. Rafael Yuste Dr. David W. Tank Dendritic Integration in Mammalian Professor, Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Professor, Molecular Biology and Physics Neurons, a Century after Cajal Co‐director, The Kavli Institute for Brain Science Consultant, Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Lewis‐Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Columbia University Princeton University Dr. Rafael Yuste Dr. David W. Tank • M.D., Universidad Autonoma (Madrid) • B.S., Case Western Reserve U., Physics and • Worked with Leslie Barnett and Sydney Brenner Mathematics at Cambridge • Ph.D., Cornell U., Physics • Ph.D. under Larry Katz in Torsten Wiesel’s lab, • Postdoctoral, Bell Labs Rockefeller U. in New York • member of the National Academy of Sciences • Postdoctoral under David W. Tank at Bell Labs • served on advisory committee for the McKnight • joined the Columbia faculty in 1996 Foundation • area of research: synapses and circuits, • area of research: measurement and analysis of theoretical neuroscience neural circuit dynamics Neuron Cajal’s “Law of Functional Polarization” • sub‐journal under Cell • Neuron impact factor: 14.027 (2010); Cell impact factor: 32.401 (2010) • previous review series: stem cells, addiction, child brain development, neurogenetics, neural‐ immune interactions 1 9/7/2011 Passive Dendrites and Cable Theory Dendritic Boosting from Renshaw (1942) Active Dendrites Imaging Techniques • Sensitive optical indicators of [Calcium] • cCCD • Patch‐clamp + infrared video • Confocal microscopy • Two‐photon microscopy from Kandel and Spencer, 1960 from Stuart and Hausser, 1994 So what are the properties of How do neurons initiate spikes? dendrites? • primarily • varies from neuron to axonal/somatic neuron • but the role of • “influenced by calcium? conductances that are active at rest” • basically unknown from Stuart and Sakmann, 1994 2 9/7/2011 Inhibition and Turning off Dendrites How do dendritic trees work? • “the intrinsic properties of neurons can turn off • smallest functional certain dendrites in an activity‐dependent fashion” compartment is a • activity from one dendrite affects the rest spine • dendrites are just another branch point • spine Æ soma, but Æ • example: horizontal cell soma all spines • functional interaction by separate compartments Llinás and Sugimori, 1980 Dendrites as Output • antidromic spikes • possibility of closed circuits comprised entirely of dendrites Considerations for the Future SUMMARY • active conductance in dendrites • Cajal’s law of • antidromic spikes and their purpose “functional polarization” still • roles of different compartments stands…for the most • spatial inputs part • temporal codes • dendrites are active • logic of dendrites • the property of dendrites varies widely • dendrite activity during behavior • Neuroscience is technique‐driven 3.