ACTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT IN AFRICA CISSE YSSOUFOU SECRETARY GENERAL UATP 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices The future of earth will be urban… … demand for passengers AND goods mobility expected to triple by 2050 The world is becoming Urban passenger mobility Urban goods mobility increasingly urban demand explodes demand explodes Urban and rural population, Urban passenger mobility demand, Urban goods mobility demand, 2010-2050 [m people %] 2010-2050 [trillions person-km p.a. %] 2010-2050 [trillions of ton-km p.a. %] 9.306 8.321 +55% +64% 67,1 28,5 6.896 67% CAGR 2010-50 +68% 60% +1,4% p. a. +83% 52% 43,2 2,6x 17,4 3,0x 25,8 9,5 48% 40% 33% CAGR 2010-50 -0,2% p.a. 2010 2030 2050 2010 2030 2050 2010 2030 2050 Urban Rural 1st AfDB Transport Forum Source: UN Population Division, Schäfer/ Victor 2000, Cosgrove/ Cargett 2007, Arthur D. Little 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan Urbanization data of selected cities (Trans Africa project 2010) Selected cities Western Africa: Eastern Africa: • Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) • Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) • Accra (Ghana) • Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) • Dakar (Senegal) • Nairobi (Kenya) • Lagos (Nigeria) Southern Africa: Central Africa: • Johannesburg (South Africa) • Douala (Cameroon) • Windhoek (Namibia) 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan GDP, Population, Area, Car Fleet ABIDJAN ACCRA ADDIS ABABA DAKAR DAR ES SALAM GDP (Euro) 1.800 1.560 700 1.700 1.100 Population 4.250.000 3.830.000 2.970.000 2.480.000 3.300.000 Area (km2) 1.183 1.994 530 549 1.800 Urbanised area (km2) 120 1.994 530 214 572 Human density (Area) 3.594 2.682 5.608 4.519 1.831 Total car fleet 201.130 270.000 116.300 16.000 240.500 car/1000 habi 47,3 70,5 39,2 6,5 72,9 DOUALA JOHANNESBURG LAGOS NAIROBI WINDHOEK GDP (Euro) 2.300 10.600 2.200 1.600 5.200 Population 2.500.000 3.800.000 17.550.000 4.740.000 230.000 Area (km2) 923 1.645 3.569 4.200 645 Urbanised area (km2) 210 1.645 2.821 3.900 645 Human density (Area) 2.709 1.962 4.919 1.128 357 Total car fleet 151.000 917.000 405.400 519.200 26.200 car/1000 habi 60,4 241,3 23,1 109,5 113,9 Source: Trans Africa 2010 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan AUTHORITIES 2015 CITIES COUNTRIES AUTORITIES 2010 (TO BE UPDATED) Ministry of transport, AGETU (no Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire longer exist since 2012) Ministry of transport, DVLA, NRSC, Accra Ghana MMDAS Ministry of Infrastructures, Land and Dakar Senegal Air Transports, CETUD Lagos Nigeria Ministry of transport, LAMATA, FCTA Ministry of transport and Addis-Abbaba Ethiopia Communications Ministry of Infrastructures Development, Department of Communications and Transport, Dar Es Salam Tanzania SUMATRA, DART Ministry of transport, Transport Licencing Board (TLB), Nairobi City Nairobi Kenya Council Ministry of transport, Ministry of Douala Cameroon Finance, city of Douala Department of Roads and National Department of Transport, Transport, City Councils, GMA, Johannesburg South Africa Provincial, Local Departments PRASA Ministry of Communications and Windhoek Namibia Transport Source: Trans Africa 2010 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan Urban mobility systems are confronted with NEW CHALLENGES Planet People Profit Air pollutions Traffic chaos & traffic Overloaded jam infrastructures CO2 emissions Traffic safety Insufficient public Noise transport capacities Decreasing quality of life Increasing ecological and convenience Increasing motorization footprint Limited parking places … Paradigm shift required to satisfy urban mobility demand! 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan CURRENT SITUATION The poor – low levels of all types of access ACCESS to information ACCESS to education (and other primary services) ACCESS employment ACCESS to affordable mobility 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan CURRENT SITUATION TRANSPORT MODAL SHARE IN THE CITIES 2010 WINDHOEK NAIROBI LAGOS JOHANNESBURG DOUALA DAR ES SALAM DAKAR ADDIS ABABA ACCRA ABIDJAN 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Private Car Bus Minibus & Shared taxi Motorcycle taxis Private Taxis Cycling & Walking Source: Trans Africa 2010 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan CURRENT SITUATION RAPID GROWTH OF INFORMAL SECTOR (MINI BUSES) Abidjan : gbakas Harare : commuters buses 3500 3500 3300 3000 3000 3000 2500 2500 2000 2000 1500 1000 1500 500 500 733 1000 1155 0 500 530 1983 1989 1999 0 1993 1994 1999 7000 6500 6000 5000 5000 4000 Nairobi : 3000 2000 2000 1500 1600 matatus 1000 375 0 1972 1977 1979 1982 1997 19991st AfDB Transport Forum Source: SITRASS 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan CURRENT SITUATION RAPID GROWTH OF INFORMAL SECTOR (MINI BUSES) 2500 BAMAKO Taxis D urunis M inibus 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1st AfDB1995 Transport1996 1997 Forum1998 Source: SITRASS 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan “RETHINK THE SYSTEM” Four dimensions to be Considered by cities to shape mobility systems of tomorrow •Source : ArthurSystem -D.level Little framework & forUITP urban FUM mobility 2.0 policies System-level approach Policy imperatives for 1 cities of different Visionary Strategy maturity stages can be & Eco-system clustered around 4 dimensions 2 3 System-level approach Mobility Mobility Demand required: Sustainable Supply Management improvement of mobility (solutions & lifestyles) performance requires simultaneous improvement on each dimension 4 Public Transport Financing … the weakest link will influence overall mobility performance 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 1- TO HAVE CLEAR VISION To integrate sustainable Improved access transport into the to transport, region’s development reduced air and planning processes, pollution and and increase the climate emissions, and amount of funding improved road going to sustainable safety and health. transport programs in 1st AfDB Transport Forum Africa. 18 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan UITP 2- TO ACCEPT THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY 1st AfDB Transport Forum Source: WBCSD (Core Publication), “Tomorrow’s Markets: Global Trends & Their Implications for Business”, April 1, 2002. 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 3- TO ESTABLISH POWERFUL TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES A transport authority must establish and hold power in order to be able to drive the transport agenda and related investment. The power that successful transport authorities have is made up of three components: • LEGISLATION • FINANCE • STANDARDS The scale of the transformation needed is such that the transport authority must have all the necessary delivery tools at its disposal. 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan UITP 4- LONG TERM STRATEGY/POLICY What is holding back changes? Mobility vision and policies not fulfilling requirements AND lack of system-level collaboration and innovation 1 A lot of mature cities do not have a clear vision and strategy on how their mobility systems should look like in the future Mobility visions and policies do not Lack of integration between different transport modes, cover requirements across different urban policies (environment, land planning, energy, social policy) and across regions… leading to sub- optimal outcome in terms of performance 2 Current mobility systems do not sufficiently adapt to changing demands, combining single steps of the mobility value chain Lack of system-level into an integrated system collaboration and innovation Actors of the mobility ecosystem do not collaborate sufficiently to foster lateral learning and jointly develop innovative mobility solutions Need for cities to develop a LT political mobility vision and policies AND for system level collaboration to come up with innovative ecosystems and mobility solutions 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan 1. Status and dynamics of urbanization 2. Institutions and policy instruments in place to lead 3. Challenges and gaps 4. Priority actions for a sustainable urban mobility 5. Urban transport best practices 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan This …. Or this choice …. 1st AfDB Transport Forum 26-27 Novembre 2015 Abidjan (2009) 68 BRT implemented or planned 2 BRT IN AFRICA Source: UITP 11 USA-Canada 15 Latin America 20 Europe 161st AfDB+ TransportAsia Forum 4 Australia-New Zealand 226- 27 Novembre Africa2015 Abidjan (2015): URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED OR PLANNED IN AFRICAN CITIES 13 BRT 2 Tram 2 Train