United States In cooperation with Department of the Virgin Islands Agriculture Department of Planning Soil Survey of and Natural Resources; the Natural Virgin Islands Cooperative the United States Resources Extension Service; and the Conservation United States Department Service of Interior, National Park Virgin Islands Service 3 How to Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area. Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps follow the general soil map. These maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets, which precedes the soil maps. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map units symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 4 This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, territory agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1994. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources; the Virgin Islands Cooperative Extension Service; and the United States Department of Interior, National Park Service. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the United States Virgin Islands Soil and Water Conservation District. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Cover: An aerial view of Charlotte Amalie, which is the center of government for the United States Virgin Islands, located on St. Thomas Island. Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”). 5 Contents Cover ....................................................................... 1 ArD—Arawak gravelly loam, 12 to 20 percent How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3 slopes, very stony ........................................ 45 Contents .................................................................. 5 ArE—Arawak gravelly loam, 20 to 40 percent Foreword ................................................................. 9 slopes, very stony ........................................ 46 General Nature of the Soil Survey Area ................... 12 ArF—Arawak gravelly loam, 40 to 70 percent Climate ............................................................... 12 slopes, very stony ........................................ 47 History and Development .................................... 13 BrB—Beaches, rock outcrop .............................. 48 Transportation ..................................................... 15 BsB—Beaches, sandy ....................................... 48 Water Supply ...................................................... 15 BtB—Beaches, stony ......................................... 48 Physiography, Relief, and Drainage .................... 15 CaA—Carib clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Natural Vegetation ............................................... 16 frequently flooded ......................................... 48 Geology of the Northern United States Virgin CbB—Cinnamon Bay loam, 0 to 5 percent Islands ................................................................ 18 slopes, occasionally flooded ........................ 49 How This Survey Was Made .................................... 23 CgC—Cinnamon Bay gravelly loam, 5 to 12 General Soil Map Units ......................................... 25 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............ 50 1. Annaberg-Cramer-Southgate ........................ 25 CvC—Cramer-Victory complex, 2 to 12 2. Southgate-Victory-Cramer ............................ 26 percent slopes, very stony ........................... 51 3. Fredriksdal-Susannaberg-Dorothea ............... 27 CvD—Cramer-Victory complex, 12 to 20 4. Hesselberg-Sion-Arawak .............................. 28 percent slopes, very stony ........................... 52 5. Arawak Association ...................................... 29 CvE—Cramer-Victory complex, 20 to 40 6. Glynn-Hogensborg ........................................ 30 percent slopes, very stony ........................... 53 7. Urban Land-Ustorthents-Glynn ..................... 30 CvF—Cramer-Victory complex, 40 to 70 Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 33 percent slopes, very stony ........................... 54 AcD—Annaberg-Cramer complex, 12 to 20 DoE—Dorothea-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 34 20 to 40 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 55 AcE—Annaberg-Cramer complex, 20 to 40 DoF—Dorothea-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 35 40 to 60 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 56 AcF—Annaberg-Cramer complex, 40 to 60 DoG—Dorothea-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 36 60 to 90 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 57 AcG—Annaberg-Cramer complex, 60 to 90 FsD—Fredriksdal-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 37 12 to 20 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 58 AmD—Annaberg-Maho Bay complex, 12 to 20 FsE—Fredriksdal-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 38 20 to 40 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 60 AmE—Annaberg-Maho Bay complex, 20 to 40 FsF—Fredriksdal-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 39 40 to 60 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 61 AmF—Annaberg-Maho Bay complex, 40 to 60 FsG—Fredriksdal-Susannaberg complex, percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 40 60 to 90 percent slopes, extremely stony ..... 62 AmG—Annaberg-Maho Bay complex, 60 to 90 GyA—Glynn gravelly loam, 0 to 2 percent percent slopes, extremely stony ................... 41 slopes, rarely flooded ................................... 63 AqA—Aquents, 0 to 2 percent slopes, ponded .... 42 GyB—Glynn gravelly loam, 2 to 5 percent ArB—Arawak gravelly loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded ................................... 64 slopes, very stony ........................................ 42 GyC—Glynn gravelly loam, 5 to 12 percent ArC—Arawak gravelly loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, rarely flooded ................................... 65 slopes, very stony ........................................ 44 HeA—Hesselberg clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 66 6 HeB—Hesselberg clay, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..... 67 UbD—Urban land ................................................ 86 HeC—Hesselberg clay, 5 to 12 percent UcC—Urban land-Cinnamon Bay complex, 0 to slopes .......................................................... 68 12 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ....... 87 HgA—Hogensborg clay loam, 0 to 2 percent UgC—Urban land-Glynn complex, 0 to 12 slopes, rarely flooded ................................... 69 percent slopes, rarely flooded ....................... 87 HgB—Hogensborg clay loam, 2 to 5 percent Us—Ustorthents ................................................. 88 slopes, rarely flooded ................................... 70 VsC—Victory-Southgate complex, 2 to 12 HgC—Hogensborg clay loam, 5 to 12 percent percent slopes, very stony ........................... 89 slopes, rarely flooded ..................................