News Opinion Sports Final exam and Alberta video game U of A Ski Club brings paper writing industry deserves fun loving atmosphere survival guide 5 tax credits 8 to campus 18 THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA’S CAMPUS MEDIA SOURCE THE gatewayDecember 2nd, 2015 Issue No.18 Volume 106 GTWY.CA Sandwiches reign supreme at Farrow 15 FANTASIZING about sports The economics and demographics of fantasy sports % % Feature 12 news 2 THEgateway WWW.GTWY.CA December 2, 2015 THEgateway visit us at GTWY.CA Meeting UAlberta Wednesday, December 2, 2015 Jillian Ames Volume 106 Issue No. 18 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY V Published since November 21, 1910 Circulation 5,000 ISSN 0845-356X Suite 3-04 Students’ Union Building University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7 Telephone 780.492.5168 Fax 780.492.6665 Ad Inquiries 780.492.6669 Email [email protected] editorial staff EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Cam Lewis [email protected] | 492.5168 MANAGING EDITOR Kieran Chrysler [email protected] ONLINE EDITOR Kevin Schenk [email protected] NEWS EDITOR Richard Catangay-Liew [email protected] OPINION EDITOR Josh Greschner [email protected] ARTS & CULTURE EDITOR Jon Zilinski [email protected] SPORTS EDITOR Zach Borutski CMYK [email protected] MULTIMEDIA EDITOR Oumar Salifou [email protected] PHOTO EDITOR Christina Varvis [email protected] DESIGN & PRODUCTION EDITOR Adaire Beatty [email protected] STAFF REPORTER Mitchell Sorensen [email protected] STAFF REPORTER Jamie Sarkonak [email protected] business staff EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Beth Mansell [email protected] | 492.6669 WEBMASTER Alex Shevchenko [email protected] Gateway: What’s the most unprepared you’ve been for a test? 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No experience necessary. experience No you! want We @THEGATEWAY /THEGATEWAYONLINE /THEGATEWAYONLINE @THEGATEWAY THEGTWY @THE_GATEWAY @THE_GATEWAY THEGTWY THEgateway WWW.GTWY.CA Volume 106, Issue 18 news 3 News Editor Email Richard Catangay-Liew [email protected] Phone Twitter 780.492.5168 @RichardCLiew Volunteer News News meetings every Monday at 3pm in SUB 3-04 ‘Snunkoople’: science proves why this word is funny Mitch Sorensen an 1818 work by noted pessimistic Quantifying humour had been at- entropy words tended to be thought decision.” STAFF REPORTER @SONOFAMITCHH philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, tempted in the past, but the format of as more serious. Westbury’s From all the experiments, the contained a promising idea about of jokes left so many outcomes avail- second experiment examined how study concluded that not only was Probble, quingel, and himumma; humor. able, they were impossible to quan- consistent people were at making there a relationship between Shan- none of these words mean anything Schopenhauer’s theory essentially tify. Words, on the other hand, can this choice. non entropy and humour, but also and they can’t be found in a diction- stated that humor was a violation have their relative weirdness mea- “We had people choose which that the relationship was linear and ary, but something about them is of expectation; the greater the sured via Shannon entropy, or how of two non-words were funnier to predictable. Though further stud- funny. Or at least, they should be, violation, the funnier the joke. It was abnormal their letters are. them, and manipulated how far ies in joke humour get immensely according to a new study. this linear relationship described in Non-words that were low on apart they were in entropy,” West- more complex, Westbury said that Chris Westbury, professor and the theory that Westbury set out to Shannon entropy were usually bury said. “The idea being that the a slight tweak in linguistic method- psycholinguistics researcher in the investigate. perceived as funnier, and higher further the distance, the easier the ology could draw new results out of University of Alberta’s Department the established method. of Psychology, conducted a study “(The experiment) was just a examining whether the humour of probability calculation for the let- made-up words was predictable. ters,” Westbury said. “But it means Westbury said the study, which you could see two different non- was published in the Journal of words with the same entropy. Push- Memory and Language, was in- ing the idea would involve seeing spired from working with aphasic what other probabilities are being patients, who have language deficits violated that we could control, and following brain damage. While test- that would lead to building funny ing their ability to differentiate real non-words.” words from computer-generated This research would have im- non-words, Westbury saw some- mediate implications in fields such thing significant. as product naming, where entropy “We saw that the people would could be calculated and related di- sometimes laugh at our non-words,” rectly to the intended use. Westbury Westbury said. “One of the words said that when naming more seri- was ‘snunkoople,’ and it stuck with ous products, a word low in entropy me because there’s something fun- might not be the best choice. ny about it.” Westbury said his findings have From there, Westbury and other implications when it comes to how researchers attempted to find a con- people think about emotion. Being nection between computer-gener- able to predict emotional reactions ated non-words and humour. After to humour with probability models another experiment proved that is a significant discovery. subjects were consistent in terms “The idea that we’re doing prob- of their relative humour ratings for ability calculations by emotion non-words, Westbury sought a way is really cool,” Westbury said. “It to predict this phenomenon. suggests emotion is a way of doing Inspiration for the theory, however, math, but you don’t have to do a came from an unexpected place. The calculation; the answer is delivered World as Will and Representation, PROBBLE & QUINGEL Math proves why these words are perceived as funny, even for aphasic patients.