APPENDIX E Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Report Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Report for the Otay Ranch Village 4 Project City of Chula Vista, California Prepared for: Otay Quarry, LLC 6591 Collins Drive, Suite E-11 Moorpark, California 93021 Prepared by: 605 Third Street Encinitas, California 92024 MAY 2017 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report for the Otay Ranch Village 4 Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... V 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of the Report.............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Description and Local Setting .................................................................... 1 1.3 Construction Assumptions and Methodology ......................................................... 9 1.3.1 Construction Phasing, Equipment, and Vehicle Trips ................................ 9 1.3.2 Blasting Emissions Methodology ............................................................. 11 1.3.3 Rock Crushing Emissions Methodology .................................................. 12 1.4 Operational Assumptions and Methodology ........................................................ 13 2 AIR QUALITY.................................................................................................................15 2.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 Climate and Topography........................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Sensitive Receptors ................................................................................... 16 2.2 Pollutants and Effects ........................................................................................... 16 2.3 Regulatory Setting ................................................................................................ 21 2.3.1 Federal....................................................................................................... 21 2.3.2 State........................................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 Local ......................................................................................................... 25 2.4 Local Air Quality .................................................................................................. 31 2.4.1 San Diego Air Basin Attainment Designation .......................................... 31 2.4.2 Air Quality Monitoring Data .................................................................... 32 2.5 Thresholds of Significance ................................................................................... 34 2.6 Impact Analysis .................................................................................................... 35 2.6.1 Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? ....................................................................... 35 2.6.2 Would the project violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation? ................. 36 2.6.3 Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors)? .............................................................................. 42 2.6.4 Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? ........................................................................ 44 8190 i May 2017 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report for the Otay Ranch Village 4 Project TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page No. 2.6.5 Would the project create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people?..................................................................................... 52 2.7 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 53 3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ...............................................................................57 3.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................... 57 3.1.1 The Greenhouse Effect ............................................................................. 57 3.1.2 Greenhouse Gases ..................................................................................... 57 3.1.3 Global Warming Potential ........................................................................ 59 3.1.4 Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................ 60 3.1.5 Potential Effects of Human Activity on Climate Change ......................... 61 3.2 Regulatory Setting ................................................................................................ 65 3.2.1 Federal....................................................................................................... 65 3.2.2 State........................................................................................................... 69 3.2.3 Local ......................................................................................................... 83 3.3 Thresholds of Significance ................................................................................... 94 3.4 Impact Analysis .................................................................................................... 95 3.4.1 Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? .......... 96 3.4.2 Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? ................................................................................... 100 3.5 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................... 109 4 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................111 APPENDICES A CalEEMod Version 2016.3.1 Modeling and Estimated Emissions B CALINE4 Modeling Results C Blasting and Rock Crushing Emissions Estimates FIGURES 1 Regional Map .......................................................................................................................3 2 Vicinity Map ........................................................................................................................5 3 Project Site Map ...................................................................................................................7 8190 ii May 2017 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report for the Otay Ranch Village 4 Project TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page No. TABLES 1 Construction Scenario Assumptions ..................................................................................10 2 Blasting Characteristics .....................................................................................................11 3 Rock Crushing Characteristics ...........................................................................................13 4 Ambient Air Quality Standards .........................................................................................22 5 San Diego Air Basin Attainment Classification ................................................................31 6 Local Ambient Air Quality Data........................................................................................32 7 City of Chula Vista Air Quality Significance Thresholds .................................................35 8 Blasting Emissions .............................................................................................................38 9 Rock Crushing Emissions ..................................................................................................39 10 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions - Unmitigated ....................................................................................................39 11 Estimated Daily Maximum Daily Operational Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions ..............41 12 Pollutants, Sources, Health Effects, and Attainment Status ..............................................45 13 CALINE4 Predicted Carbon Monoxide Concentrations ...................................................50 14 Estimated Daily Maximum Construction Emissions - Mitigated ......................................55 15 GHG Sources in California ................................................................................................60 16 Estimated Annual Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................96 17 Estimated Annual Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..............................................99 18 Compliance with Chula Vista CO2 Reduction Plan .........................................................100 19 Project Consistency with Scoping Plan GHG Emission Reduction Strategies................104 8190