McNair Scholars Research Journal Volume 3 | Issue 1 Article 5 1-24-2011 German Lieder: Songs for Women Andrea M. Apel Eastern Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/mcnair Recommended Citation Apel, Andrea M. (2011) "German Lieder: Songs for Women," McNair Scholars Research Journal: Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://commons.emich.edu/mcnair/vol3/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in McNair Scholars Research Journal by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Apel: German Lieder: Songs for Women *(50$1 LIEDER S21*6)25 W20(1 Andrea M. Apel Dr. Emery Stephens and Professor Kathleen Segar, Mentors ABSTRACT 0\ UHVHDUFK LGHQWL¿HV *HUPDQ Lieder FRPSRVHG VSHFL¿FDOO\ IRUIHPDOHVLQJHUV)HPDOHVSHFL¿FVRQJVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGWKURXJKWH[ WXDODQDO\VLVRIWKHVRORZRUNVIURPIRXULQÀXHQWLDOFRPSRVHUVRIWKLVHUD )UDQ]6FKXEHUW ± 5REHUW6FKXPDQQ ± -RKDQQHV %UDKPV ± DQG +XJR:ROI ± 5HVHDUFK PHWKRGV LQFOXGHH[LVWLQJGDWDELRJUDSKLFDOVWXGLHVVRFLRORJLFDOVWXGLHVDQGSHU IRUPDQFHSUDFWLFH$OVRSHUVRQDOVWXG\DQGSHUIRUPDQFHWKURXJKDSXE OLFVRORUHFLWDORIIHPDOHVSHFL¿FZRUNVJDYHPHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRVLQJ Frauenliebe und-lebenE\5REHUW6FKXPDQQRat einer Alten E\ +XJR :ROIMädchenlied E\-RKDQQHV%UDKPVDQGGretchen am Spinnrade E\ )UDQ]6FKXEHUWIRUWKH¿UVWWLPH7KHVHZRUNVDUHGLVFXVVHGLQGHWDLO)RU IXUWKHUUHIHUHQFHDQDSSHQGL[LVSURYLGHGRIIHPDOHVSHFL¿FliederIURP WKHVHOHFWHGFRPSRVHUV6FKXEHUW6FKXPDQQ%UDKPVDQG:ROI INTRODUCTION 7KHVWXG\RI*HUPDQLiederLVEHQH¿FLDOIRUDOOFODVVLFDOVLQJ HUV ,W SURYLGHV VHYHUDO ZD\V WR LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW\ RI PXVLFLDQVKLS WKURXJK ODQJXDJH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ VLQJHU DQG DFFRPSDQLVW XQL¿FDWLRQ DQGWHFKQLFDOFKDOOHQJHV:KHWKHUWKHVLQJHUZLVKHVWRWHDFKPXVLFLQ DQ\IRUPDWRUSXUVXHDSHUIRUPLQJFDUHHUVWXG\LQJliederSUHSDUHVWKH VLQJHUE\LPSDUWLQJNQRZOHGJHRIWKLVOLWHUDWXUHDQGUHSHUWRLUHWHDFK LQJNH\HOHPHQWVRIDQRWKHUODQJXDJHDQGDVDVWHSSLQJVWRQHLQWKHDUW RISHUIRUPDQFH0\REMHFWLYHLQLGHQWLI\LQJ*HUPDQLiederFRPSRVHG VSHFL¿FDOO\IRUIHPDOHVLQJHUVLVWRFUHDWHDWRROZRPHQFDQXWLOL]HZKHQ FKRRVLQJVRQJVDQGDOVRWRVKDUHP\SHUVRQDOSHUIRUPLQJH[SHULHQFHV LQWKLVJHQUHWKXVDGGLQJWRWKHIXWXUHVXFFHVVRIZRPHQSHUIRUPLQJ lieder:KHQFKRRVLQJWRVWXG\*HUPDQliederLWLVLPSRUWDQWWROHDUQDOO DVSHFWVRIWKHPXVLFZKLFKLQFOXGHVKLVWRULFDOEDFNJURXQGRIWKHPXVLFDQG WKHELRJUDSKLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHFRPSRVHUV7KLVZLOOFRQWULEXWHWRDEHW WHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHPXVLFZKHQSHUIRUPLQJlieder. Published by DigitalCommons@EMU, 2011 1 McNair Scholars Research Journal, Vol. 3 [2011], Iss. 1, Art. 5 Andrea M. Apel ,Q*HUPDQ Lied WUDQVODWHVDVsong. Lieder VRQJV DUHSDUWRID WUDGLWLRQDODUWVRQJJHQUHLQFODVVLFDOVRORVLQJLQJ6LPLODUWRRSHUDDQG RUDWRULRDUWVRQJLVW\SLFDOO\PHDQWIRUVRORYRLFHDQGSLDQR3ULPDULO\ WDNHQIURPSUHH[LVWLQJSRHPVliederDUHDVHWWLQJIRUO\ULFSRHWU\GHULY LQJIURPHDUOLHUIRONVRQJWUDGLWLRQVLQ*HUPDQ\ 7KLVHUDRI*HUPDQliederSURGXFHGWKHPRVWVLJQL¿FDQWRXW SRXULQJRIDUWVRQJGXULQJWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\DQGZDVDSDUWRI*HU PDQ5RPDQWLFLVPDGRPLQDQWPRYHPHQWLQWKHODWHHLJKWHHQWKDQGHDUO\ QLQHWHHQWKFHQWXULHV*HUPDQ5RPDQWLFSULQFLSOHVSURPRWHG WKHGHVLUHWRH[WHQGEH\RQGZKDWLVNQRZQ«5RPDQWLFVZDQW HGWRHOLPLQDWHERXQGDULHVWRH[WHQGEH\RQGOLPLWVDQGWRHQ MR\WKHLQ¿QLWH7KLVUHVXOWHGLQWKHGHVLUHWRHVFDSHPXQGDQH GDLO\ H[LVWHQFH WKURXJK LQWR[LFDWLRQ DQG WKURXJK HPEUDFH RI FKDRVWKURXJKH[SORUDWLRQRIWKHP\VWLFDODQGLQYHVWLJDWLRQRI WKHDEQRUPDO«7KHFHOHEUDWLRQRIWKHFRQWUDGLFWRU\DOVRZDVD UHDFWLRQDJDLQVWZKDWZDVFRQVLGHUHGDQRSSUHVVLYHUDWLRQDOLW\ DQGRUGHUOLQHVVGXULQJWKH(QOLJKWHQPHQW«5RPDQWLFVZDQWHG WRGH¿QHWKHLUZRUOGWKURXJKRSSRVLWLRQDQG3$5$'2;WRLQ WHQVLI\ UHDOLW\ ZLWK WKH LPDJLQDU\ WR HPSKDVL]H WKH VSLULWXDO WKURXJKFRQWUDVWZLWKWKHPDWHULDO 6WHLQ 6SLOOPDQS 5RPDQWLFLVPZDVH[SUHVVHGWKURXJKVHYHUDODUWIRUPVLQFOXG LQJPXVLFYLVXDODUWOLWHUDWXUHDQGHGXFDWLRQ5RPDQWLFWRSLFVLQFOXGHG ³ORYHVXIIHULQJGLVWUHVVQDWXUHVHDVRQDQGSLRXVGHYRWLRQ´ +DOOPDUN S 5RPDQWLFLVPHYROYHGDIWHUWKHFXVSRIWKH$PHULFDQ5HYROX WLRQ ± WKH)UHQFK5HYROXWLRQ ± DQGGXULQJWKH ,QGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQ &KDQJH ZDV LQ WKH DLU DQG WKH ZRUOG ZDV SUR JUHVVLQJ(YHU\GD\OLIHZDVWUDQVIRUPHGE\WKH,QGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQ² UDLOURDGV\VWHPVZHUHEHFRPLQJDGYDQFHGVFLHQFHDQGPHGLFLQHZHUH PDNLQJKXJHVWULGHVDQG³QHZDWWLWXGHVDERXWOLIHUHOLJLRQHFRQRPLFV DQGSROLWLFVZHUHLQWKHDLU´ 6FKRQEHUJS $VDUHVXOWWKH DUWVDOVRHYROYHG 7KHPLGGOHFODVVZDVJURZLQJDQGWKHUHZDVDQDSSHWLWHIRUWKH DUWV³7KHliedZDVDSHUIHFWPLQLDWXUHIRUPFRPELQLQJPXVLFDQGSRHWU\ DUWDQGOLWHUDWXUHQDWXUDOODQGVFDSHVDQGWKHLQWHULRUOLIHRIWKHLQGLYLG XDOVHHNLQJDSODFHLQWKHZRUOG´ (OOLRWS %HFDXVHRIWKH ,QGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQDQGWKHDGYDQFHPHQWRIWHFKQRORJ\LQVWUXPHQWV WKHPVHOYHVZHUHEHLQJEXLOWRIEHWWHUTXDOLW\DQG³WKHSLDQRXQGHUZHQW http://commons.emich.edu/mcnair/vol3/iss1/5 2 Apel: German Lieder: Songs for Women German Lieder: Songs for Women DSKHQRPHQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQXQOLNHWKDWRIDQ\SUHYLRXVLQVWUXPHQW,WV PRGL¿FDWLRQVDQGWHFKQLFDOGHYHORSPHQWVPRVWFHUWDLQO\FRQWULEXWHGWR WKH EORVVRPLQJ RI OLHGHU´ (OOLRW S 7KHVH DGYDQFHPHQWV KHOSHGWKHSLDQRH[SDQGLWV³WRQDOSDOHWWHDQGH[SUHVVLYHSRWHQWLDO´ (O OLRWS 7KHUHZDVDGHPDQGIURPWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFIRU³QHZO\SXE OLVKHGVRQJVWREHXVHGIRUKRPHHQWHUWDLQPHQW´ (OOLRWS $OPRVWHYHU\KRPHIHDWXUHGSULYDWHPXVLFPDNLQJLQERWKSHUIRUPDQFH DQGLQVWUXFWLRQ³0DQ\FRPSRVHUVWRRNDGYDQWDJHRIWKHIDFWWKDWDJRRG GHDORIPRQH\FRXOGEHPDGHIURPWKHVDOHRIVRQJV&DUO/RHZH5REHUW )UDQ]0HQGHOVVRKQ6FKXPDQQDQG%UDKPVDOOZURWHVRQJVGXHWVDQG TXDUWHWVJHDUHGWRWKHDELOLWLHVRIDPDWHXUPXVLFLDQV´ (OOLRWS +RZHYHU³&RPSRVHUVDOVRVHWSRHPVWRPXVLFDVDQH[SUHVVLRQRIWKHLGH DOVRIWKH5RPDQWLFPRYHPHQW´DQG³:ROI«GHFODUHGWKDWKLVVRQJVZHUH ZULWWHQµIRUHSLFXUHVQRWDPDWHXUV¶´ (OOLRWS %XWWKHlied PDGHLWVZD\IURPSULYDWHJDWKHULQJVWRSXEOLFUHFLWDOVGHYHORSLQJQHZ FRQFHUWVHOHFWLRQVWKDWZHUHQRWWKHW\SLFDOV\PSKRQ\RUDQRSHUDDQGLQ VWHDGIHDWXUHG³VRQJVVRORLQVWUXPHQWDOVHOHFWLRQVPHORGUDPDVDQGSRHW U\UHDGLQJV´ (OOLRWS RQWKHFRQFHUWSURJUDP'LIIHUHQWIURP WKHRSHUDH[SHULHQFH³WKHliedGHPDQGHGFORVHFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQ VLQJHUDQGDFFRPSDQLVWDQGSURYLGHGDQLQWLPDWHH[SHULHQFHEHWZHHQSHU IRUPHUVDQGDXGLHQFH´ (OOLRWS 7KLVLVZKDWPDNHVlieder VSHFLDOWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIWH[WDQGPXVLFHQJDJLQJWKHSLDQLVWVLQJHUDQG SRHWU\WREHFRPHXQL¿HGWHOOLQJDVWRU\ $QRWKHUFDWDO\VWWKDWVSXUUHG*HUPDQliederLVWKHUHYROXWLRQ DU\ZRUNRI/XGZLJYRQ%HHWKRYHQ ± %HHWKRYHQLVUHJDUGHG DVWKH)DWKHURI5RPDQWLFLVPDQGZDVIDPRXVLQKLVRZQWLPH+HGH YHORSHGDQGWUDQVIRUPHGQHZPXVLFDOLGHDVWKDWVKRRNWKHPXVLFZRUOG FKDQJLQJLWIRUHYHU)URPDUWVRQJWRSLDQRVRQDWDVV\PSKRQLHVDQG RQO\RSHUDKLVPXVLFLVNQRZQWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOG+LVPRVWLQÀX HQWLDOZRUNLV6\PSKRQ\QRLQ'PLQRURSZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKH IDPRXV³2GHWR-R\´7KLVLVDZRUOGPDVWHUSLHFHDQGLVFRQVLGHUHGWKH JUHDWHVWFRPSRVLWLRQHYHUZULWWHQ6RWKLVLVZKDW6FKXEHUW6FKXPDQQ %UDKPVDQG:ROIZHUHXSDJDLQVW%HHWKRYHQZDVDPRQXPHQWDO¿JXUH DQGFDVWKLVORQJVKDGRZRYHUHYHU\RWKHUFRPSRVHUPDNLQJLWGLI¿ FXOWWREHFRPHUHFRJQL]HG,IDFRPSRVHUZDVUHFRJQL]HGKLVZRUNZDV FRPSDUHGWR%HHWKRYHQHVSHFLDOO\LQVWUXPHQWDOZRUN%XW³LQZULWLQJ YRFDOPXVLF%HHWKRYHQZDVIDUVORZHUWR¿QGKLVLQGLYLGXDOLW\WKDQLQ KLVLQVWUXPHQWDOZRUNV´ 6WHYHQVS WKXVFDXVLQJlieder to EHDYHQXHZKHUHFRPSRVHUVFRXOGZULWHPXVLFDQGH[FHO<HW%HHWKRYHQ Published by DigitalCommons@EMU, 2011 3 McNair Scholars Research Journal, Vol. 3 [2011], Iss. 1, Art. 5 Andrea M. Apel SDYHGWKHZD\IRUliedLQWKHFKDQJLQJZRUOGDQGWKHIROORZLQJFRPSRV HUVHDUQHGWKHLUSODFHLQPXVLFKLVWRU\WKURXJKlieder. 7KH ¿UVW FRPSRVHU , UHVHDUFKHG ZDV )UDQ] 6FKXEHUW ± 6FKXEHUWQHYHUOLYHGIDUIURP9LHQQDDQGZDVZHOONQRZQOR FDOO\³DVDFRPSRVHURIVRQJV´ 6FKRQEHUJS ,WZDVQ¶WXQWLO IRUW\\HDUVDIWHUKLVGHDWKWKDWKLVPXVLFZDVJLYHQLWVGXHUHFRJQLWLRQ $VWKHWZHOIWKRIIRXUWHHQFKLOGUHQ6FKXEHUWUHFHLYHGDJHQHUDO HGXFDWLRQDWWKH,PSHULDODQG5R\DO6HPLQDU\ZKHUHKHZDVDER\VRSUDQR LQWKHFKRLU 6FKRQEHUJS $WDJHHOHYHQKHVKRZHGWUHPHQ GRXVPXVLFDOWDOHQWEHLQJSUR¿FLHQWDWWKHSLDQRYLROLQDQGFRPSRVLWLRQ $QWRQLR6DOLHUL ± DQRWKHUIDPRXVFRPSRVHUZDVHPSOR\HGDV WKHFRXUWPXVLFDOGLUHFWRULQ9LHQQD+HWRRNQRWLFHRI6FKXEHUWLQ DQGEHFDPHKLVFRPSRVLWLRQWHDFKHU 6FKRQEHUJS 7KHUHLVOLWWOHLQIRUPDWLRQDYDLODEOHRQWKHSHUVRQDOOLIHRI6FKX EHUW,WLVEHOLHYHGKHZDVDYHU\VK\LQGLYLGXDONHHSLQJDVPDOOFLUFOHRI IULHQGVDQGQHYHUPDUU\LQJ+HOLYHGDWUXH%RKHPLDQOLIHVW\OHDQG³LQ KDELWHGWKHPXVLFORYLQJDUWORYLQJLQWHOOHFWXDOPLGGOHFODVVZRUOGDOO KLVOLIH«VHOGRPKDYLQJPRQH\PRYLQJLQZLWKIULHQGVVSHQGLQJPXFK WLPHDWFDIHV´ 6FKRQEHUJS +LVFORVHFLUFOHRIIULHQGVFRQ VLVWHGRIOLNHPLQGHGSHRSOHZKRZHUHDOVRPXVLFLDQVSRHWVDQGDUWLVWV 0RQH\DQGWLPHZHUHRIOLWWOHVLJQL¿FDQFHWRKLPDQGKHDQGKLVIULHQGV ZRXOG UHO\ RQ HDFK RWKHU IRU EDVLF QHFHVVLWLHV ³+DWV VKRHV FORWKHV PRQH\²DOOZDVFRPPXQDO:KRHYHUZDVLQIXQGVIRUWKHPRPHQWWRRN FDUHRIWKHELOOV´ 6FKRQEHUJS +LVSRSXODULW\VWDUWHGWR VSUHDGZKHQ-RKDQQ9RJO ± DIDPRXVEDULWRQHRSHUDVLQJHU EHJDQWRVLQJKLVPXVLFSXEOLFO\ 6FKRQEHUJS 3XEOLVKHUV UDUHO\DSSURDFKHG6FKXEHUW\HWKHZDVDEOHWRVXVWDLQKLVOLIHVW\OHRII YHU\OLWWOHLQFRPH(YHQWKRXJK6FKXEHUWLVPDLQO\UHFRJQL]HGDVDFRP SRVHURIVRQJVKHDOVRFRPSRVHGRSHUD+RZHYHUKLVZRUNLQRSHUDZDV QRWZHOOUHFHLYHGSRVVLEO\GXHWRSRRUVXEMHFWFKRLFHDQGOLEUHWWR (YHQWKRXJK6FKXEHUWDQG%HHWKRYHQVKDUHGWKH\HDUVEHWZHHQ DQG6FKXEHUWVWLOOPDQDJHGWRFDUYHKLVRZQPXVLFDOLGHQ WLW\ZLWKOLWWOHFRPSRVLWLRQDOLQÀXHQFHIURPKLVSURPLQHQWSUHGHFHVVRU %HHWKRYHQ ZDV KRZHYHU ZHOO DZDUH RI WKH XS DQG FRPLQJ 6FKXEHUW ³%HHWKRYHQZKRNQHZZKDWZDVJRLQJRQHYHU\ZKHUHUHDGWKURXJKVRPH RIWKH6FKXEHUWVRQJVDQGZDVLPSUHVVHG«KHVDLGWKDW6FKXEHUWKDGWKHGL YLQHVSDUN«$SSDUHQWO\6FKXEHUWJRWXSHQRXJKQHUYHWRYLVLW%HHWKRYHQ RQO\RQFHZKHQ%HHWKRYHQZDVRQKLVGHDWKEHG1RWKLQJDERXWWKHYLVLW LVNQRZQ%XWWKHUHZDVUHDOO\LQ6FKXEHUW¶VPXVLFDVOLWWOH%HHWKRYHQ LQÀXHQFHDVWKHUHZDVDFWXDOFRQWDFW´ 6FKRQEHUJS http://commons.emich.edu/mcnair/vol3/iss1/5 4 Apel: German Lieder: Songs for Women German Lieder: Songs for Women 6FKXEHUW¶VJHQLXVZDVLQKLVVRQJVDQGSURYHGWKLVZLWKKLV creation of Gretchen am Spinnrade DW DJH 7KH IROORZLQJ \HDU KH SURGXFHGVRQJV/LNHPRVWRWKHUFRPSRVHUV6FKXEHUWFKRVHH[LVW
Details
-
File Typepdf
-
Upload Time-
-
Content LanguagesEnglish
-
Upload UserAnonymous/Not logged-in
-
File Pages31 Page
-
File Size-