APPLICATION OF 2D EARTH RESISTIVITY IMAGING TOMOGRAPHY AND GIS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN NORTHERN EMIRATES A.M. Ebraheem Professor of Hydrogeology, Assiut University, EGYPT Currently: Senior Geophysicist, Ministry of Environment and Water, UAE Introduction The availability of water in the right quantities and quality as well as the proper management of this precious resource are essential for the sustainable social and economical development. Successful Management of WR depends largely upon: 1. the precise knowledge of the available WR 2. the capability of predicting the impact of a certain management option Home Forward Backward End Challenges of the Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Arid Regions Unavailability of complete, well- documented spatially and temporarily varied environmental data Need for integrated Water resources management with EIA for each engineering project Scarcity of fresh water resources in the Middle East Area Groundwater Depletion: The ever increasing demand for water has increased groundwater exploitation rates from non-replenished and replenished aquifers causing severe groundwater depletion and saltwater intrusion problems Home Forward Backward End Good Monitoring and Management of Environmental Data (modified after Sato and Hirayama, 1995) Collecting Data in need around Core City Substations Meteorological and Hydrological Data Traffic Data and their Pollution Data Pollution Source Geohydrological Data Remote Sensing Data Data in Core City Global Environmental Data from Artificial Satellites High Speed Network with Public Information Organization Network Compiling Data Integrated Management Local Governments Data Analysis and Control of State Government Data Graphics Environmental Data Developers Information Service Terminal of Information Risk Assessment Information Service to Public and Residents Data Collection and Evaluation Gather and Analyze Relevant Site Data Exposure Assessment Identify Potential Chemicals of Concern Toxicity Asseement Analyze Contaminant Collect Qualitative and Release Quantitative toxicity Identify Potential Information Risk Characterization Home Exposure Pathway Determine Appropriate Forward Estimate Exposure Characterize Potential for Adverse toxicity Values Health Effects to Occur Backward Concentration End Estimate Contaminant Evaluation of Uncertainty Intake for Pathways Summarize Risk Information Building and updating database of environmental data using GIS and Hydrogeoanalyst Software 1 2 - - 1 1 100 11 - - - 1 1 - - RK Hab KhSSP KhSSW KhCW KhMW 50 KhFW LEGEND 0 Alluvial Gravels Dolomitic Limestone -50 Karistified Limestone Clayey Limestone -100 Clay and Gravels (Juweiza Formation) -150 Elevation Elevation (m) Undetermined Fault -200 5 km -250 -300 Home 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Forward Backward Distance (m) End Digital Hydrogeological Map of UAE (after Al Suwaidi, Ebraheem and Al Mehrizi, 2005) 54°30'0"E 55°0'0"E 55°30'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°30'0"E ق طاع ت حت سطحى ف ى اﻷت جاه شرق غرب ع لى خط عرض أم ال قوي ين ت قري با OMAN Al Hamraniyah Well (296 m) (296 Well Al Hamraniyah Umm Al Quwain well (2565m) well Quwain Al Umm SHAM 26°0'0"N -20 26°0'0"N As Sa'di Well (345m) Well Sa'di As ARABIAN GULF Al Ali well (1939 m) (1939 well Al Ali Jabal Haqamah Jabal ¯ Arabian Gulf Arabian Gulf of Oman Gulf of RAS AL KHAYMAH A 750 m Dadna A' 0 500 250 -40 Jabel Al Mebreh -125 KHATT msl DIBA HAMRANYAH HABHAB UMM AL QAYWAYN -20 -250 DADNAH -500 25°30'0"N SINNAH ZIKT -750 IDHAN 25°30'0"N -1000 AJMAN -1250 0 25,500 51,000 102,000 Meters FALAJ AL MUALLA -1500 SHARJAH 0 MANAMAHMASAFI 25 40 DUBAI DHAYD 25 SIJI AL AWIR SIFUNI BITHNA 75 MILEIHA Showka FUJAYRAH UAE Ground Water Aquifers HAYL AL HIBAB 0 Type 25°0'0"N 0 25°0'0"N Frac. LS (H. GW Pot.) -25 MUNAI 280 MADAM Huwaylat Alluvial Deposits ( H. GW. Pot.) 300 MASFUT Juweiza Form (L. GW. Pot.) -75 OMAN Simsima Form (L. GW. Pot.) Alluvial Deposits (M. GW. Pot.) 200 160 Limestone ( M. GW. Pot.) 24°30'0"N 24°30'0"N Alluvial Deposits (L. GW. Pot.) 220 Wind BlownDeposits (L. GW. Pot.) Wind BlownDeposits (M. GW. Pot.) 150 Al Ain Sabkha (M. GW. Pot.) 120 320 250 300 340 Evaporites&Clay (M. GW. Pot.) 300 360 Sabkha (H. GW. Pot.) 24°0'0"N 0 Wind BlownDeposits (H. GW. Pot.) 100 24°0'0"N Ophiolites (L. GW. Pot.) OMAN Lands Shale (L. GW. Pot.) Clay& Evaporites (M. GW. Pot.) Home wt_level_jan05 23°30'0"N 100 Forward uae_shaq_base_elv 23°30'0"N Backward 54°30'0"E 55°0'0"E 55°30'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°30'0"E End Application of GIS for RAK Land Use Development Plan Evaluation Home Forward Backward End Water Resources System Input Product Output Energy Irrigation Water Capital Drinking Water Labour Industrial Water etc Hydropower Output Water for Institutional Scenario subsystem Non-Product Output Condition Sediments Natural Flooding Social Ecosystem Damage Home Environmental Impacts ForwardEconomic BackwardPolitical End Annual Actual Renewable Water Resources per inhabitant (2005) Turkey Turkmenistan Tajikistan Atlantic Syria Ocean Tunisia Mediterranean Sea Afghanistan Morocco Iraq Iran Jordan Algeria Pakistan Libya Egypt ASIA Saudi Arabia Gulf of\ UAE Oman Mauritania Sudan Yemen AFRICA Djibouti Indian Ocean Somalia LEGEND < 250 (m3/year) 250 – 500 500 – 1000 Home Atlantic 1000 – 2000 Forward Ocean > 2000 Backward End Annual Internal Renewable Water Resources per inhabitant (2005) Turkey Turkmenistan Tajikistan Atlantic Syria Ocean Tunisia Mediterranean Sea Afghanistan Morocco Iraq Iran Jordan Algeria Pakistan Libya Egypt Saudi ASIA Arabia Gulf of\ UAE Oman Mauritania Sudan Yemen AFRICA Djibouti Indian Ocean Somalia LEGEND < 200 m3/year 200 – 500 500 – 1000 Home Atlantic Ocean 1000- 2000 Forward > 2000 Backward End Renewable Water Resources Dependency Ratio Turkey Turkmenistan Tajikistan Atlantic Syria Ocean Tunisia Mediterranean Sea Afghanistan Morocco Iraq Iran Jordan Algeria Pakistan Libya Egypt Saudi ASIA Arabia Gulf of\ UAE Oman Mauritania Sudan Yemen AFRICA Djibouti Indian Ocean Somalia LEGEND < 5% 5 - 10 Atlantic 10 - 50 Ocean 50 – 90 Home > 90 Forward Backward End Groundwater Depletion in the Quaternary Aquifer of the Northern Emirates Drawdown in the period 1969-2005 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E 225119.313620 245119.313620 265119.313620 285119.313620 305119.313620 325119.313620 345119.313620 365119.313620 385119.313620 405119.313620 425119.313620 .231540 .231540 2897462 0 41,000 82,000 164,000 Meters OMAN .231540 SHAM 2887462 25°40'0"N 5 25°40'0"N 20 ARABIAN GULF .231540 30 2877462 5 .231540 2867462 KHATT HAMRANYAH 5 65 HABHAB RAS AL KHAYMAH 60 .231540 2857462 20 25°35'0"N 45 25°35'0"N .231540 45 2847462 Jabel Al Mebreh 60 KHATT A' 30 DIBA HABHAB .231540 2837462 UMM AL QAYWAYN HAMRANYAH ¯ 10 20 A 20 15 10 5 10 SINNAH 30 .231540 5 ZIKT 2827462 5 10 IDHAN 10 10 5 AJMAN5 5 .231540 5 25°30'0"N 2817462 25°30'0"N 5 FALAJ AL MUALLA SHARJAH 35 5 15 KHAWR FAKKAN .231540 MANAMAH 5 MASAFI 65 75 2807462 5 DHAYD 50 DUBAI 20 90 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E 5 70 SIJI 15 .231540 15 2797462 5 10 AL AWIR 105 65 SIFUNI 25 5 .231540 MILEIHA 65 2787462 Showka 5 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°60'0"E 15 HAYL 15 5 5 5 45 20 20 35 .231540 25 2777462 5 5 20 85 90 25 20 5 15 AL HIBAB 5 20 25 90 15 20 80 .231540 15 25 20 MUNAI 2767462 30 25 20 20 25°20'0"N 15 25°20'0"N 5 MADAM MANAMAH 10 10 10 Huwaylat .231540 10 10 90 2757462 15 MASFUT 75 .231540 2747462 DHAYD 65 OMAN .231540 50 2737462 .231540 2727462 25°15'0"N 70 SIJI 25°15'0"N .231540 2717462 Oman 90 105 .231540 2707462 65 .231540 2697462 35 .231540 Al Ain SIFUNI 2687462 25°10'0"N 25°10'0"N .231540 2677462 20 .231540 2667462 5 5 MILEIHA .231540 2657462 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°60'0"E 56°5'0"E .231540 2647462 .231540 2637462 Home 2627462 225119.313620 245119.313620 265119.313620 285119.313620 305119.313620 325119.313620 345119.313620 365119.313620 385119.313620 405119.313620 425119.313620 Forward Backward End Groundwater Salinity Increase caused by salt water intrusion and/or upward conning of deep saline water 54°30'0"E 55°0'0"E 55°30'0"E 56°0'0"E 55°25'0"E 55°30'0"E 55°35'0"E 55°40'0"E 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E SHAM OMAN 9000 12000 6000 26°0'0"N 1000 6000 3000 3000 5000 26°0'0"N 5000 4000 ARABIAN GULF 7000 25°45'0"N 25°45'0"N 2000 4000 0 17,000 34,000 68,000 Meters3000 ¯ 1000 2000 25°40'0"N 3000 25°40'0"N 6000 4000 1000 KHATT 2000 7000 HABHAB 3000 HAMRANYAH UMM AL QAYWAYN 4000 25°35'0"N 25°35'0"N 25°30'0"N 25°30'0"N 1000 3000 1000 2000 Jabel Al Mebreh 4000 KHATT 2000 DIBA A' 2000 HABHAB UMM AL QAYWAYN 1000 3000 HAMRANYAH 1000 25°25'0"N AJMAN 25°25'0"N 2000 A 1000 2000 SINNAH 25°30'0"N 1000 9000 55°25'0"E 55°30'0"E 55°35'0"E 55°40'0"E 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E ZIKT 25°30'0"N 2000 IDHAN 55°40'0"E 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E 3000 1000 FALAJ AL MUALLA AJMAN 1000 4000 1000 1000 1000 FALAJ AL MUALLA 1000 2000 1000 SHARJAH KHAWR FAKKAN 25°20'0"N MANAMAH 25°20'0"N 1000 1000 1000 MASAFI 1000 1000 5000 DHAYD 5000 3000 DHAYD 2000 6000 DUBAI 2000 1000 2000 1000 4000 2000 2000 1000 4000 4000 1000 3000 25°15'0"N 2000 3000 25°15'0"N SIFUNI 1000 AL AWIR 3000 2000 2000 12000 2000 6000 2000 11000 3000 4000 1000 13000 4000 3000 Showka 3000 2000 MILEIHA 5000 1000 10000 HAYL 1000 AL HIBAB 25°10'0"N 25°0'0"N 2000 300025°10'0"N 4000 1000 2000 2000 1000 1000 2000 5000 25°0'0"N 3000 6000 3000 4000 1000 MUNAI 8000 4000 MILEIHA Showka 1000 1000 7000 MADAM Home 9000 10000 Huwaylat 25°5'0"N Forward 55°40'0"E 55°45'0"E 55°50'0"E 55°55'0"E 56°0'0"E 56°5'0"E Backward 54°30'0"E