World Journal of Managing Events Volume 2 Number 1 Special Issue TOWARDS THE 2010 FIFA KICK-OFF IN SOUTH AFRICA: RED CARDS, FANCY FOOTWORK OR GOALS? Vision To be the World’s Advocate for Research and Sciences World Research Organization Isis Press World Journal of Managing Events Quarterly Publication ISSN: 1991-1238 (Print) Executive Editor: Dimitri Tassiopoulos Walter Sisulu University, South Africa Website: http://www.unwro.org/isispress.html For more information or to order the World Journal of Managing Events, http://www.unwro.org/isispress/journals/wjmev/index.html Urge your library to subscribe today! With your library’s print subscription, the electronic edition of the journal can be made available campus-wide to all library users! Publisher: Isis Press 301 Aladdin Tower, El-Nabawi El-Mohandis St, Montazah, Alexandria, Egypt Email: [email protected] Editorial Office: [email protected] © World Research Organization. All Rights Reserved Disclaimer Copyright of this journal as a whole is vested in the World Research Organization (WRO), and no part may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission, in writing, of the WRO. It should be noted that any opinion express ed are the responsibility of the individual authors and not of the Executive Editor, Editorial Committee, Editorial Board, or any of the WRO/Isis Press funders, sponsors or employees. Editorial Board Executive Editor Dimitri Tassiopoulos. Walter Sisulu University, South Africa Guest Editor Jo-Ansie Van Wyk, Department of political Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Editorial Board Members Jane Ali-Knight Janet Landey Napier University Party Design of South Africa United Kingdom South Africa Charles Arcodia Ian Mcdonnel University Of Queensland Sydney University of Technology Australia Australia Glen Bowdin Kathleen Nelson Leeds Metropolitan University University of Nevada United Kingdom USA Deborah Breiter William O’Toole University of Central Florida University of Sydney USA Australia Jack Carlsen Melville Saayman Curtin University of Technology North West University Australia South Africa Frédéric Dimanche Julia Rutherford Silvers CERAM Business School Nice - Sophia The Events Management Body of Knowledge Antipolis, France Wmbok) Project, USA Donld Getz Cecilie Smith-Christensen University of Calgary Events Research International (ERi) Canada South Africa/Norway Joe Goldblatt Rhodri Thomas Temple University Leeds Metropolitan University USA United Kingdom Richard George Jo-Ansie Van Wyk University of Cape Town University of South Africa South Africa South Africa Norbert Haydam Gustav Visser Cape Peninsula University of Technology University of Free State South Africa South Africa Heidi Keyser Michelle Whitford EDGE Tourism Solutions University of Queensland South Africa Australi Table of Contents Editorial: The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa: The politics of hosting a mega international event Jo-Ansie van Wyk 1 Part I: International Dimension Article 1: Bending like Beckham: South Africa bends, but who scores? Alexandra Greeff 10 Article 2: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and immigration Burton Joseph 18 Part II: Regional Dimension Article 3: Rites of passage and rebel brothers: South Africa and political change in Zimbabwe towards 2010 Mari-Lise du Preez 25 Part III: Domestic/National Dimension Article 4: 2010: A dream come true or a nightmare in the making? Roland Henwood and Rentia Pretorius 34 Article 5: The ugly side of the beautiful game: The socio-economic impact of 2010 on the City of eThekwini – excluding the ‘Poors’ Lubna Nadvi 39 Article 6: The impact of World Cup 2010: Local government must score for their communities Reuben Baatjies and Coel Kirkby 48 Article 7: The unification goal in South Africa and Africa: The ideological challenge in hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup Monique Theron 56 Article 8: From Madiba magic to media magic: The hosting of the FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa Gerrie Swart 64 Notes for Contributors 73 Editorial The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa: The politics of hosting a mega international event Jo-Ansie Van Wyk1 1 Department of Political Sciences, University of South Africa (Unisa) Address: P O Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa 0003. Email: [email protected] Abstract This introductory article to this special edition starts with the premise that mega international events are inherently political in nature. South Africa’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup is not exception in this regard. The article traces the guarantees expected by FIFA, South Africa’s compliance with these requirements, the expectations pertaining to the event, as well as the rhetoric of the event. © 2008 World Research Organization. All rights reserved Keywords: South African Government, FIFA, guarantees, politics Citation: Van Wyk, J. (2008). The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa: The politics of hosting a mega international event. World Journal of Managing Events, 2(1) 1-9 Introduction Sport has never been an innocent leisurely pastime South Africa is no new-comer to hosting major only. In South Africa, as Mari-Lise du Preez’s international event. It has hosted, for example, the: contribution to this special issue reminds us, sport was • International Rugby Board (IRB) World Cup in 1995, used as one of the instruments to segregate people • African Cup of Nations in 1996, during apartheid. Sport is also considered to be an • Non-Aligned Movement Summit in 1998, important tool in reconciliation in post conflict countries. • All Africa Games in 1999, In Liberia, for example, the UN has instituted a Sports • United Nations (UN) Aids Conference in 2000, for Peace programme through its Security Council- • UN World Conference Against Racism, Xenophobia sanctioned peacekeeping mission, UNMIL (United and Related Discrimination (WCAR) in 2001, Nations Mission in Liberia) to promote reconciliation • World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) after decades of civil war. The role of sport in post in 2002, and conflict reconstruction is regarded as so important that the Secretary General of the UN, Ban Ki-moon has • 2003 International Cricket Council (ICC) World Cup. appointed a Special Advisor on Sport and Development for Peace, Adolf Ogi (UN News, 5 March 2007). This experience has resulted in South Africa’s contribution to the security plan for the 2007 ICC World Moreover, sport is a mega global industry and earns Cup in the Caribbean. South Africa’s successful bid for players, sponsors, sport associations and manufactures hosting the 2010 FIFA (Fédération Internationale de billions of dollars annually Where money is to be made, Football Association) World Cup was announced in politics is often played, and vice versa. This collection of 2004 and will host the event from 11 June to 11 July articles reiterates the relationship between sport and 2010. politics, and between governments and business. It will J. Van Wyk / World Journal of Managing Events also reiterate the growing importance and impact of non- comply with specific legal standards. Second, states bid state actors in domestic and global affairs. FIFA, as this for and host event such as this because hosting it special issue will indicate, is not just an international bestows states with considerable international status football association. It is more likely FIFA Inc. – a major and prestige. Third, the latter links with states’ national international corporation with so much power that it can interests which can be promoted by foreign direct prescribe host governments for its World Cup to adapt investment (FDI). Four, states and their governments its legislation to comply with its requirements. And are supposed to maintain law and order in a society. governments are willing to do that, and, like the South However, in the case of South Africa, the SAG is African Government (SAG) has done it. The hosting of unsuccessful in its efforts to guarantee the safety and such a mega event requires major political guarantees security of the large number of spectators and tourists and financial investment by the host government. expected to arrive in South Africa. Five, South Africa’s Hosting a major international event like the FIFA World hosting of the event also illustrates states’ need to rally Cup bestows a country and its government with status, its population around a particular nation-building issue or prestige, influence, power and foreign investment. This theme. is exactly what the SAG intends to acquire from hosting the event. In numerous statements (which will be The political nature of hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup referred to later) the 2010 event has been put forward as is significant for event management practitioners. First, an African event; improve the lives of millions of South the SAG’s Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy Africans and Africans. As Alexandra Greeff describes it requires, inter-alia, which institutions tendering to in her contribution, ‘South Africa bends, but who become involved in the event have to comply with this scores?’ policy. Second, increasingly, developing countries are successful in their bids to host mega events. Until 2014, Very few scholars have paid attention to the 2010 World for example, various mega international sport events will Cup. The notable exceptions are Cornelissen and Swart be hosted by developing countries. China will host the (2006), Van der Merwe (2007) and Kruys (2007). Olympics from 8 August 2008, South Africa will host the Whereas as the former two analyse the politics FIFA World Cup in 2010, and India is set to host the associated with the 2010 event, the latter addresses 2010 Commonwealth Games. Russia hosts the 2014 aspects pertaining to the security of the event. Van der Winter Olympics and Brazil the 2014 FIFA World Cup Merwe and Van der Westhuizen (2006) address the role (The Economist, 31 October 2007: Internet). This of sport in branding South Africa internationally. means, inter alia, that event managers in developing countries have to engage more with governments and This special issue is arranged around three main their agendas, than with business.