United States Department of Agriculture Proceedings of the Session Pacific Southwest Research Station on Tropical Forestry for People General Technical Report of the Pacific, XVII Pacific PSW-GTR-129 Science Congress May 27-28,1991, Honolulu, Hawaii Pacific Ocean 0 Tahiti Conrad, Eugene C.; Newell, Leonard A., tech. coords. 1992. Proceedings of the session on tropical forestry for people of the Pacific, XVII Pacific Science Congress; May 27-28, 1991; Honolulu, Hawaii. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-129. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 88 p. The 17 papers in the Proceedings of the Session on Tropical Forestry for People of the Pacific cover the topics of the USDA Forest Service's tropical forestry research, forestry research in Asia and the Pacific, management of tropical forests for products and energy; forest and wildlife management, the South Pacific Forestry Development Programme, tropical rainforests of northern Australia, forest resources in New Guinea, management factors affecting forests, forests of East Kalimantan, forest biological diversity, hydrologic effects on forest management, fire management in Central America, soil taxonomy and land evaluation, tropical termites and cuticular hydrocarbons, natural regeneration of Hawaiian forest species, mangrove stands in Micronesia, and introduced weeds of native Hawaiian forests. Retrieval Terms: tropical forestry, forestry research, resource management, biological diversity, natural regenera- tion, soil taxonomy, mangroves, tropical termites, weeds, wildlife management. Central America, East Kalimantan, Hawaii, Micronesia, northern Australia, New Guinea, South Pacific Technical Coordinators: C. Eugene Conrad is Director, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station; Leonard A. Newell is Pacific Islands Forester, Pacific Southwest Region; both are with the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813. Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California (Mailing address: P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701-0245 Telephone: 510-559-6300) January 1992 Proceedings of the Session on Tropical Forestry for People of the Pacific, XVII Pacific Science Congress May 27-28,1991, Honolulu, Hawaii C. Eugene Conrad and Leonard A. Newell, Technical Coordinatois Contents ... Preface ............................................................................................................................................ m Tropical Forestry Research at the USDA Forest Service's Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry ......... 1 C. Eugene Conrad, Jerry A. Sesco Forestry Research in Asia and Pacific ..............................................................................................4 Jim Chamberlain, Erin Moore Management of Tropical Forests for Products and Energy ............................................................. 11 John I. Zerbe Holistic Forest and Wildlife Management in Hawaii-Is It Possible? ............................................15 Michael G. Buck The South Pacific Forestry Development Programme ....................................................................17 Tang Hon Tat Polycyclic Selection System for the Tropical Rainforests of Northern Australia ............................ 21 Glen T. Dale, GrabB. Applegate Management and Utilization of Forest Resources in Papua New Guinea ........................................26 P.B.L. Srivastava Culture and Resource Management: Factors Affecting Forests ...................................................... 31 Marjorie C. Falanruw People and Forests in East Kalimantan ........................................................................................... 37 Kuswata Kartawinata, Timothy C. Jessup, A.P. Vayda, S. Riswan, Cynthia Mackie, Nancy E. Peluso Contents Forest Biological Diversity Interactions with Resource Utilization ................................................ 42 ST.Mok Evaluating Long-Term Cumulative Hydrologic Effects of Forest Management: A Conceptual Approach .........................................................................................................47 Robert R. Ziemer Fire Management in Central America ............................................................................................52 Andrea L. Koonce, Arrnando Gonzdez-Cabdn Soil Taxonomy and Land Evaluation for Forest Establishment ......................................................56 Haruyoshi Ikawa Cuticular Hydrocarbons for Species Determination of Tropical Termites ....................................... 58 Michael I. Haverty, Lori J. Nelson, Barbara L. Thorne, Margaret S. Collins, Johanna P.E.C. Darlington, Marion Page Role of Decaying Logs and Other Organic Seedbeds in Natural Regeneration of Hawaiian Forest Species on Abandoned Montane Pasture .....................................................................67 Paul G. Scowcroft Use Classification of Mangrove Areas, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia ..........................74 Nora N. Devoe Biological Control of Introduced Weeds of Native Hawaiian Forests .............................................84 George P. Markin, Roddy F. Nagata, Donald E. Gardner USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-129. 1992. Preface Tropical forestry for people of the Pacific is a major under- that the difficulties in meeting the desires of people who live in taking. The world's largest ocean is dotted with islands of all the tropical Pacific are similar to those facing people every- sizes, and all but the smallest are home to people. And most have where. People everywhere want food, security, shelter, fresh forests of some kind. This Symposium offered a glimpse of the water, and hope for the future of their children. breadth of the values that the people in this huge expanse place Experiences everywhere~butespecially from the Pacific on their forests and how they are addressing forest management basin-are the best base of knowledge to meet the forestry issues. challenge in the area. This Symposium is one way to begin the What should be the role of forestry research in resolving process. The papers provide the kind of broad spectrum needed problems and in meeting the expectations of the region? Tropi- as a base for action. The first five papers present an overview of cal forestry in the United States, Australia, Papua New Guinea, research and management issues. The next two papers address The Federated States of Micronesia, Kalimantan, and Central issues related to the silvicultureof tropical and subtropical forest America was the principal topic of this Symposium. The impor- resources. The relationship of different cultures to forest man- tance and difficulties of communication in this vast area was a agement is the subject of the next three papers. The remaining topic of major concern. papers touch on a broad array of research issues. These include On the day before the Symposium, a small group of partici- hydrology, fire management, soil taxonomy, insect taxonomy, pants met to discuss the needs of the forest environment and how forest species regeneration, classifying mangroves, and biologi- to respond to those needs. A major concern was that various cal control of forest weeds. people and organizations coordinate with each other, to avoid duplication of work or possible destructive interference with C. Eugene Conrad each other or both. The organizers hoped that this group could Leonard A. Newell identify some clear ideas for a resolution that could be supported Technical Coordinators by the participants of the symposium. The group agreed only .. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-129. 1992. Ill Tropical Forestry Research at the USDA Forest Service's Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry1 C. Eugene Conrad Jerry A. Sesco2 Abstract: Deforestation during the last decade has grown at an alarming rate, farms and then abandoned because the land soon becomes de- giving rise to concern for its potential adverse effects on global climate. The graded and unproductive. impetus for focusing greater emphasis on tropical forestry management and research was provided by the International Forestry Cooperation Act enacted Most people understand that the deforestation problem is into law in 1990. The Act enables the Forest Service to intensify its efforts to not going to go away and that it will not be easily solved. develop sustainable uses of forest lands, and to provide greater emphasis to Tropical forests are renewable, but often only with great diffi- managing tropical forests for non-woody, and non-consumptive products. culty. When former forest land is used for grazing and for Field centers for this research are the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry in Hawaii, the Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico, and the US. Forest growing vegetable crops, the soil can become degraded quickly. Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisc. The Institute of Pacific Islands For- After the soil is degraded or lost, the land may not be capable of estry is responsible for carrying out the Pacific Southwest Research Station's growing the forest that was once there. tropical forestry research program in the tropical Pacific. The Institute is also In appraising tropical forestry management and research responsible for carrying out the Pacific Southwest Region's State and Private Forestry support program for tropical forestry in the Pacific basin. needs, managers face a full spectrum of questions: What specific research and management