Traffic and Mobility Plan for the Capital Region of Denmark A better framework for a coherent everyday life This Traffic and Mobility Plan focuses on enhancing mobility for all citizens and commuters travelling in the Capital Region of Denmark at times when congestion is worst and pressure on the region’s infrastructure is highest. The plan provides an overview and an understanding of the transport challenges in the capital region. Through analysis and debate with key players the plan identifies strategic development themes and initiatives to address increasing congestion and create a coherent transport system. The plan's initiatives will help create the conditions for a more streamlined experience of public transport by reducing time wasted in the transport system and by contributing to a green transition of public transport. 20% more trips in 2035 Due to significant population growth in the capital region the transport network should be able to handle 20% more trips in 2035 which puts pressure on the entire transport system. Forecasts predict that car drivers in the capital region will waste 33.4 million hours in 2035 due to congestion and it is not possible to resolve this solely by expanding the road network. A holistic approach The needs for mobility and options available vary over the region’s different geographical areas and given high commuting rates – both within and to and from surrounding regions – there must be more options available to ensure effective mobility across the entire region. This calls for a holistic and cross-cutting approach to traffic planning based on people’s individual travel needs and the possibility to choose and combine freely between different modes of transport. A significant factor in the optimization of mobility in the capital region is that the public transport system is an attractive choice for most commuters on a daily basis. In the future we will see several new flexible mobility solutions such as car sharing, new types of taxi services, carpooling, on-demand services, and autonomous vehicles. These solutions can help improve mobility but will also likely make the transport system more complex to navigate. To address these challenges, seize new opportunities and create attractive mobility solutions, the Traffic and Mobility Plan will form the basis for initiating partnerships and collaboration between both public and private stakeholders. With this Traffic and Mobility Plan the Capital Region aims to: • Mitigate the increasing congestion and support good mobility for citizens, workers and visitors in the region • Reduce wasted time while commuting, in a way which contributes to a healthy, attractive and climate friendly region 2 Focus on commuting The Traffic and Mobility Plan aims to improve regional commuting – limited to trips to and from work and education. These trips involve crossing municipal borders within the region, crossing the regional borders to Region Zealand or the Skåne County in the south of Sweden, as well as trips passing through the region. In 2035, 1.9 million commuting trips are expected daily and calculations estimate an average commuting distance of approximately 11 km. Distribution of commuting modes Average in 2035 commuting distance 14,0 12,8 13,2 12,0 10,9 24 % 10,0 8,0 44 % m 6,6 K 6,0 32 % 4,0 2,0 0,0 Bike Public transport Car Bike Public transport Car All Commuting distributed according to transport mode and distance. 3 According to the Danish National Travel Survey 25% of all Purpose distribution Purpose distribution trips in the capital region today are commuting trips. This (share of trips per day) (share of km per day) adds up 30% of all kilometres driven. 2016 and 2017 2016 and 2017 Errands account for 33% of all trips, but only 15% of the 4 % kilometres driven. Errands can be trips in connection 19 % 12 % to shopping, picking up others, appointments at public 25 % authorities, doctors’ appointments, etc. While errands today are mostly categorized as local trips it would be 6 % 38 % more telling to recategorize some errands as part of a 5 % commute. 43 % 15 % Finally, leisure travel accounts for 38% of the trips in the 33 % region and 43% of the kilometres driven. Leisure travel includes trips relating to sports, culture, and visits and journeys to and from vacation homes. Almost 85% of Workplace Place of education Workplace Place of education these trips are under 10 km and almost all are considered local. Leisure travel is also more scattered over time than Errands Leisure Business Errands Leisure Business commuting trips, as are the destinations to which people travel. Purpose distribution Purpose distribution (share of trips per day) (share of km per day) Even though commuting only represents2016 a quarter and 2017 of 2016 and 2017 all trips in the region, it is still the primary focus for the Traffic and Mobility Plan. This is both because commuting is essential to the functionality of workplaces4 and % 12 % educational institutions and because commuting 19takes % place at rush hour when congestion is at its highest and 25 % traffic flow is slow. Furthermore, the choice of transport6 % mode for commuting trips affects38 the %choice of transport mode for other trips. For example, if a car is necessary for 5 % commuting it will likely also be used for leisure trips and 43 % 15 % errands and vice versa. 33 % Easy access to workplaces and educational institutions are essential for the capital region to attract citizens and businesses in the future. TransportationWorkplace of goodsPlace of education Workplace Place of education is also dependent on having easy accessErrands to roadLeisure and Business Errands Leisure Business rail networks and is affected by congestion caused by commuting. Initiatives to ease congestion for commuting trips will thus also benefit freight transport. Share of trips and km per day in the region in 2016/2017 4 A coherent, efficient and reliable traffic and mobility network There is a need to strengthen the regional traffic and mobility network as it is the backbone of future mobility in the capital region. Meanwhile, the network sets the frame for how the three identified key challenges for the region's mobility should be addressed. The three challenges are: (1) the congestion on the road and rail network is increasing and there is a growing need for transport across the transport corridors (called fingers), (2) the competitiveness of public transport is under pressure regarding travel times and user satisfaction and (3) the carbon footprint of the transport sector is increasing compared to other sectors. The traffic and mobility network should facilitate efficient and coherent mobility with the focus of: • The mobility needs of the individual commuter • A comprehensive transport system across transport modes • Seamless transfers between transport modes The urban planning for the capital region has for more than 70 years been guided by the Finger Plan (The Fingerplan is the strategic development plan for Copenhagen from 1947 stating that Copenhagen must develop in five ‘fingers’ extending outwards from the city center of Copenhagen), though the plan has been updated a few times. The traffic and mobility network does not break with this history but rather complements the Finger Plan's fingers by reinforcing cross-connections between them and expanding the corridors in the region's northern areas. Thus, the regional network should support increasing travel needs across the fingers and in peripheral areas. The starting point for the traffic and mobility network is today's existing network for all road users. Initial analyses for the Traffic and Mobility Plan show that it is not possible solely to expand and renovate roads as a solution to congestion in the network. The traffic and mobility network should therefore also create the framework for making it possible in the future to use the network in a smarter and more flexible way. This could involve increasing the use of public transport and bicycles, combining different transport modes, travelling at other times than during rush hour, or completely avoiding trips through increased co-location. The traffic and mobility network should be able to offer flexible mobility solutions to road users, which includes all known and used means of transport, including lesser used solutions like car sharing, carpooling, autonomous buses, etc. The network should also be linked to and supplemented by future technological innovations and business solutions to future needs for mobility. The traffic and mobility network answers the need for regional focus on: • Improving the network’s coherence and connectivity • Providing good alternative travel options to private car use • Fixing key bottlenecks and missing links 5 Mobility network Star hub Network hub City hub Connecting hub Main corridor Other corridors Rail link (existing, under construction or planned) Strategic bus network The regional traffic and mobility network, consisting of mobility hubs and traffic corridors. Mobility hubs allow for effective transfers between the modes of transport, creating coherence and connectivity in the network. There are three different types of mobility hubs depending on their size and function in the network. The traffic corridors meanwhile, provide effective flow between the mobility hubs by utilizing different transport modes: car, bus, train, and bicycle. 6 Strategic development themes To ensure better, more coherent, and greener regional mobility with less congestion and improved civil health a master plan and strong collaboration between the Capital Region, municipalities in the region, and the state are required. Priority must be given to the designated regional traffic and mobility network (illustration page 6) so it is better prepared to deal with increasing traffic and contribute to a green transition of passenger transport. Infrastructure projects and other physical measures contribute to capacity improvement and create coherency in the traffic and mobility network, as well as strengthen mobility hubs and environmentally friendly transport.