35th International Geological Congress 2016 Abstracts Cape Town, South Africa 27 August - 4 September 2016 Volume 1 of 14 ISBN: 978-1-5108-7190-8 Printed from e-media with permission by: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. Copyright© (2016) by 35th IGC Organizing Committee All rights reserved. Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2018) For permission requests, please contact 35th IGC Organizing Committee at the address below. 35th IGC Organizing Committee c/o Richard Viljoen [email protected] www.35igc.org Additional copies of this publication are available from: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 IS AFRICA DOING ENOUGH TO PROMOTE ITS MINERAL ENDOWMENT...................................................................................1 Sipho Nkosi GRAND CHALLENGES IN THE MINERAL LIFE CYCLE .....................................................................................................................2 Thomas Graedel BREACHING THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PROFESSION – AN IMPERATIVE FOR GEOSCIENCE IN THE SERVICE OF SOCIETY........................................................................................................................................3 Ruth Allington AFRICA, HUMANS AND THE GLOBAL CLIMATE.................................................................................................................................4 Robert Scholes GEOLOGICAL CYCLES AND THE GENERATION OF THE CONTINENTAL CRUST ...................................................................6 Chris Hawkesworth PALAEOBIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM FOSSIL BONES ...................................................................................................................8 Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan DRILLING BENEATH THE HYPE: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES FOR THE EXPLORATION FOR SHALE GAS’.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Joe Cartwright AFRICA ALIVE CORRIDORS—A 3,5 BILLION YEAR GEOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL & CULTURAL BIOGRAPHY OF AFRICA ............................................................................................................................................................................10 John Malcolm Anderson MINING INDUSTRY AND SOCIETY: OUR NEW AND CHALLENGING FRONTIER....................................................................11 Michel Jébrak DAMAGING EARTHQUAKES IN AFRICA: THEIR SEISMOTECTONIC BACKGROUND AND SEISMIC HAZARD IMPLICATIONS ...........................................................................................................................................................................12 Mustapha Meghraoui ASSESSING GEOHERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE IN STUDIES OF PALAEOECOLOGY – THE NEED TO ADDRESS BIOCOENOSES, THANATOCOENOSES, BIODIVERSITY, PALAEO-BIODIVERSITY, AND QUANTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................14 Vic Semeniuk GEODIVERSITY, GEOHERITAGE AND GEOCONSERVATION FOR SOCIETY...........................................................................16 Murray Gray GEODIVERSITY, HERITAGE, CONSERVATION AND SOCIETY: THE ROLE OF THE JOURNAL GEOHERITAGE IN RAISING AWARENESS AND DISSEMINATING GOOD PRACTICE............................................................17 Kevin Page GEOLOGY, LANDSCAPE AND EARTH-LIFE LINK IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK.........................................................19 Morris Viljoen STATE AND PROSPECTS OF GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF UZBEKISTAN..............................................................................21 Rustam Mirkamalov 16TH CENTURY MINING IN EUROPE AND A SHIPWRECK ON THE NAMIBIAN COAST........................................................23 Gabriele Schneider COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES SHAPED ISIMANGALISO WORLD HERITAGE SITE..............................24 Greg Botha GEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE ANCIENT MAPUNGUBWE AND THULAMELA CITADELS........................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Richard Viljoen GEOLOGY AND GEOHERITAGE IN THE SAHARA AND SAHEL ....................................................................................................28 Sharad Master GEOPARK AND GEOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SIKKIM HIMALAYA, INDIA...........................................................30 Vinod Tewari STRATOTYPES FOR THE PUBLIC ...........................................................................................................................................................32 Patrick De Wever THE ROLE OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS ON THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS OF IRAN TO DEVELOPMENT OF SEA-BASED ...............................................................................................................................................................................................34 Bita Mirzapour AN OVERVIEW OF THE GEOHERITAGE OF AFRICA .......................................................................................................................36 Richard Viljoen GEOHERITAGE OF THE CAPE FOLD MOUNTAINS ...........................................................................................................................38 Richard Viljoen GEOHERITAGE OF THE GREAT ESCARPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA ..........................................................................................40 Morris Viljoen GEOTOURISM IN NATIONAL PARKS OF SOUTHERN KENYA AND NORTHERN TANZANIA: SPECTACULAR LANDFORMS ASSOCIATED WITH BASEMENT PLATFORMS, THE GREGORY RIFT AND NEOGENE-RECENT VOLCANOES..................................................................................................................................................41 Roger Scoon THE ARUSHA NATIONAL PARK, NORTHERN TANZANIA: GEOTOURISM AND VOLCANOLOGY OF MOUNT MERU................................................................................................................................................................................................43 Roger Scoon THE DANAKIL DEPRESSION: AN EXCEPTIONAL PLACE WHERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS COEXIST........................................................................................................................................................................45 Asfawossen Asrat Kassaye THE RICHTERSVELD: AN ANCIENT DESERT MOUNTAINLAND ..................................................................................................46 David Reid GEOHERITAGE AND GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE BAGINDA HILL, BELITUNG ISLAND, INDONESIA......................................................................................................................................................................................................48 Putra Herianto GEOTOURISM-AN AREA THAT NEED SPECIAL ATTENTION IN TANZANIA............................................................................49 Emma Msaky JAISALMER BASIN IN THAR DESERT - POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING GEOPARK IN RAJASTHAN, WEST INDIA....................................................................................................................................................................................................51 Sudesh Wadhawan RAO JODHA DESERT ROCK PARK, MEHRANGARH FORT, JODHPUR, INDIA: A POSSIBLE POTENTIAL GEOHARITAGE SITE FOR GEOPARK. ..........................................................................................................................53 Suresh Mathur US GEOHERITAGE AND GEOLITERACY : SUSTAINABLE FOSSIL PARKS AND PUBLIC GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION................................................................................................................................................................................................. N/A Renee Clary YOGYAKARTA AND ITS SURROUNDING AS GEOTOURISM DESTINATION : ALTERNATIVE MEDIA TO TRANSFER SCIENCES AND GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION TO THE SOCIETY .................................................................54 Conradus Danisworo 1ST-PERSON SHORT STORIES FROM MITOCHONDRIAL EVE TO MANDELA—ALONG THE HOMO SAPIENS CORRIDOR....................................................................................................................................................................................55 John Malcolm Anderson DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE PALAEOTOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA. THE KITCHING FOSSIL EXPLORATION CENTRE, IN THE EASTERN CAPE AS A CASE STUDY........................................................................................56 Ian McKay GEOLOGY AS A COMPONENT OF VINEYARD TERROIR IN THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA.............................................................................................................................................................................................................57 Christopher Bargmann HOMO SAPIENS CORRIDOR—CRADLE OF OUR SPECIES & EMERGENCE OF OUR CULTURE.........................................59 John Malcolm Anderson GEOBOTANY OF THE KOEDOESFONTEIN COMPLEX IN THE VREDEFORT DOME, SOUTH