Światowit II LV WIATOWIT S ´ VOLUME LVII WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Swiatowit okl.indd 2-3 30/10/19 22:33 Światowit XIII-XIV A/B_Spis tresci A 07/11/2018 21:48 Page I Editorial Board / Rada Naukowa: Kazimierz Lewartowski (Chairman, Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Serenella Ensoli (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy), Włodzimierz Godlewski (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Joanna Kalaga ŚŚwiatowitwiatowit (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Mikola Kryvaltsevich (Department of Archaeology, Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus), Andrey aannualnnual ofof thethe iinstitutenstitute ofof aarchaeologyrchaeology Mazurkevich (Department of Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia, The State Hermitage ofof thethe uuniversityniversity ofof wwarsawarsaw Museum, Russia), Aliki Moustaka (Department of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thesaloniki, Greece), Wojciech Nowakowski (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, ocznikocznik nstytutunstytutu rcheologiircheologii Poland), Andreas Rau (Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schleswig, Germany), rr ii aa Jutta Stroszeck (German Archaeological Institute at Athens, Greece), Karol Szymczak (Institute uuniwersytetuniwersytetu wwarszawskiegoarszawskiego of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland) Volume Reviewers / Receznzenci tomu: Jacek Andrzejowski (State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, Poland), Monika Dolińska (National Museum in Warsaw, Poland), Arkadiusz Dymowski, Serenella Ensoli (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy), Per Ethelberg (Museum Sønderjylland, vvolumeolume lviilvii Arkæologi Haderslev, Danmark), Radosław Gawroński (Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (2018)(2018) in Warsaw, Poland), Elena Klenina (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland), Mikola Kryvaltsevich (National Academy of Sciences of Belarus), Piotr Łuczkiewicz (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland), Radosław Mieszkowski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Zbigniew Jerzy Przerembski (University of Wroclaw, Poland), Andreas Rau (Zentrum für Baltische und Skandinavische Archäologie, Schleswig), Anna Santucci (University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Italy), worlworlDD archaeologyarchaeology Katarzyna Skrzyńska-Jankowska (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland), Marzena Szmyt (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Archaeological Museum in Poznań, Poland), Iwona Teul (Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland) archeologiaarcheologia PPowszechnaowszechna wwarsawarsaw 20192019 Editorial Board / Rada Naukowa: Kazimierz Lewartowski (Chairman, Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Serenella Ensoli (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy), Włodzimierz Godlewski (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Joanna Kalaga ŚŚwiatowitwiatowit (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland), Mikola Kryvaltsevich (Department of Archaeology, Institute of History, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarus), Andrey aannualnnual ofof thethe iinstitutenstitute ofof aarchaeologyrchaeology Mazurkevich (Department of Archaeology of Eastern Europe and Siberia, The State Hermitage ofof thethe uuniversityniversity ofof wwarsawarsaw Museum, Russia), Aliki Moustaka (Department of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thesaloniki, Greece), Wojciech Nowakowski (Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, ocznikocznik nstytutunstytutu rcheologiircheologii Poland), Andreas Rau (Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schleswig, Germany), rr ii aa Jutta Stroszeck (German Archaeological Institute at Athens, Greece), Karol Szymczak (Institute uuniwersytetuniwersytetu wwarszawskiegoarszawskiego of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland) Volume Reviewers / Receznzenci tomu: Jacek Andrzejowski (State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw, Poland), Monika Dolińska (National Museum in Warsaw, Poland), Arkadiusz Dymowski, Serenella Ensoli (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy), Per Ethelberg (Museum Sønderjylland, vvolumeolume lviilvii Arkæologi Haderslev, Danmark), Radosław Gawroński (Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (2018)(2018) in Warsaw, Poland), Elena Klenina (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland), Mikola Kryvaltsevich (National Academy of Sciences of Belarus), Piotr Łuczkiewicz (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland), Radosław Mieszkowski (University of Warsaw, Poland), Zbigniew Jerzy Przerembski (University of Wroclaw, Poland), Andreas Rau (Zentrum für Baltische und Skandinavische Archäologie, Schleswig), Anna Santucci (University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Italy), worlworlDD archaeologyarchaeology Katarzyna Skrzyńska-Jankowska (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland), Marzena Szmyt (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Archaeological Museum in Poznań, Poland), Iwona Teul (Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland) archeologiaarcheologia PPowszechnaowszechna wwarsawarsaw 20192019 Editor in Chief / Redaktor Naczelny: Jerzy Żelazowski Deputy Editor / Z-ca Redaktora Naczelnego: Dariusz Manasterski Assistant Editor / Sekretarz Redakcji: Karolina Blusiewicz Address / Adres redakcji: „Światowit” Uniwersytet Warszawski, Instytut Archeologii ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warszawa [email protected] http://www.archeo.uw.edu.pl Graphics on the cover and title page: Joanna Żero, after Marian Wawrzeniecki’s original composition on the cover of the second volume of the “Światowit” journal from 1900. Grafika na okładce i stronie tytułowej: Joanna Żero na podstawie oryginalnej winiety Mariana Wawrzenieckiego z drugiego tomu „Światowita” z 1900 r. Commissioning Editor / Redaktor prowadzący: Dorota Dziedzic Editor / Redaktor: Mateusz Tokarski Language proof-reading / Korekta językowa tekstów: Maciej Talaga ISSN 0082-044X © Copyright by Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 2019 © Copyright by Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 2019 Peer-reviewed journal Online edition is the basic edition of the journal Czasopismo recenzowane Edycja internetowa jest wersją pierwotną pisma Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 00-497 Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 4 [email protected] Dział Handlowy: tel. (48 22) 55-31-333 e-mail: [email protected] Księgarnia intenetowa: www.wuw.pl Layout and typesetting / Skład i łamanie: Beata Stelęgowska Printed by / Druk: Totem.com.pl “Full Astern! Because the Past Has a Future!” In the academic year 2019/2020, the University of Warsaw celebrates the centenary of the establishment of the Chair of Prehistoric Archaeology, the kernel which gave birth to today’s Institute of Archaeology. The said Chair was founded by Professor Erazm Majewski, a self-taught archaeologist whose ambition and extensive knowledge earned him the title of the country’s first full professor of archaeology in Warsaw. About a dozen years later, on the initiative of Professor Kazimierz Michałowski, archaeologists from Warsaw started their excavations in Egypt. This way Professor Michałowski made Polish archaeology enter the international stage. Already in 1959, the Polish Archaeological Centre in Cairo was up and running, thus supporting further Polish archaeological investigations in Egypt, Sudan, and the Near East. Today, the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw holds a place among the leading educational and research institutions in Poland and Europe. There, young would- be archaeologists are encouraged to follow the principle coined by Professor Michałowski – “to understand and cherish the past for a wiser and richer future”. It is by no means a coincidence that today’s motto of the Institute is: “The past has a future!”. Specialists from the Institute of Archaeology conduct numerous archaeological research projects which involve students doing their excavation practicum at various sites across the world. This way, the students make their first steps into the past by gathering first-hand experi- ence of the material relics left by our ancestors. I truly believe that we all find it very satisfying and inspiring that researchers, scholars, lecturers, and students can work side by side. This cre- ates unique bonds and atmosphere not only during the fieldwork but also in laboratories and classrooms. Flexibility and dynamism are other integral characteristics of the Institute. Both have become particularly apparent over the last few years, when archaeology has experienced the digital revolution, which swept through the humanities. The digitisation, which surely lends our work much efficiency and precision, is not the only challenge the Institute has faced in the recent times. Another one comes from the fruitful cooperation with specialists of different disciplinary backgrounds – such as chemistry, biology, or physics – which has contributed significantly to the development of archaeology as an academic discipline and to our understanding of the past itself. Nowadays, what is still considered our iconic activity by the general audience and remains a genuine source of joy for the archaeologists – the excavations – is limited to necessary field- work. A century ago, when archaeology at the University of Warsaw was being born, excavations were essential and crucial for understanding the past. The field-based analyses of the discovered artefacts used to be fundamental for explanation and reconstruction of the past cultures. Today, nearly all artefacts, sediments, pottery