THE ROLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS IN THE GLOBALISED WORLD OF THE 21ST CENTURY KONSTITUCIONĀLO TIESU LOMA GLOBALIZĒTAJĀ 21. GADSIMTA PASAULĒ THE ROLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS IN THE GLOBALISED WORLD OF THE 21ST CENTURY KONSTITUCIONĀLO TIESU LOMA GLOBALIZĒTAJĀ 21. GADSIMTA PASAULĒ 2019 The Role of Constitutional Courts in the Globalised World of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia – Riga: Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia, 2019., 272 pages. Konstitucionālo tiesu loma globalizētajā 21. gadsimta pasaulē. Satversmes tiesas 2018. gada konferences materiālu krājums. – Rīga: Latvijas Republikas Satversmes tiesa, 2019., 272 lpp. © Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia, 2019 ISBN 978-9934-8756-4-9 3 Contents Contents Contents Introduction The influence of the Belgian Constitutional Court on the case-law Ineta Ziemele ................................................................................................................. 6 of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice André Alen ................................................................................................................... 75 Speech at the opening of the conference L’influence de la Cour constitutionnelle belge sur la Cour européenne Raimonds Vējonis ........................................................................................................ 11 des droits de l’homme et sur la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne Uzruna konferences atklāšanā André Alen ..................................................................................................................117 Raimonds Vējonis ........................................................................................................ 13 The role of the German Federal Constitutional Court in dealing with cases Speech at the opening of the conference of a supra- or international nature Ināra Mūrniece ............................................................................................................ 15 Doris König ............................................................................................................... 159 Uzruna konferences atklāšanā Ināra Mūrniece ............................................................................................................ 17 The role of constitutional courts in the globalized world of the 21st century. The Spanish experience Speech at the opening of the conference Encarnación Roca ..................................................................................................... 169 Māris Kučinskis ........................................................................................................... 19 Uzruna konferences atklāšanā Constitutional courts as lock-gates in the globalised world Māris Kučinskis ........................................................................................................... 21 Ineta Ziemele ............................................................................................................. 183 Konstitucionālās tiesas kā slūžas globalizētajā pasaulē Speech at the opening of the conference Ineta Ziemele ............................................................................................................. 194 Ivars Bičkovičs............................................................................................................. 23 Uzruna konferences atklāšanā Rule of law and mutual trust: a short note on constitutional courts Ivars Bičkovičs............................................................................................................. 25 as “institutions of pluralism” Silvana Sciarra .......................................................................................................... 204 Opening remarks Gianni Buquicchio ....................................................................................................... 27 Organizational and methodological aspects of the work of the Constitutional Speech at the opening of the conference Court of Ukraine in the context of the challenges of the modern globalized world Ineta Ziemele ............................................................................................................... 31 Natalia K. Shaptala ....................................................................................................215 Uzruna konferences atklāšanā National constitutional justice and international law: relationship and impact Ineta Ziemele ............................................................................................................... 33 Natallia A. Karpovich ................................................................................................ 220 Keeping each other on our toes – a circle of mutual encouragement Benchmarks to the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Romania towards setting high standards for fundamental rights protection in the field of tax law and tax proceedings Eleanor V. E. Sharpston .............................................................................................. 35 Mircea Stefan Minea ................................................................................................. 226 Interaction between the constitutional courts Repères de la jurisprudence de la Cour constitutionnelle de Roumanie and the European Court of Human Rights en matière de droit fiscal et de procédure fiscale Mārtiņš Mits ................................................................................................................ 49 Mircea Stefan Minea ................................................................................................. 244 The digital world: what relationship between the jurisdictions? The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in the Polish legal system Claire Bazy-Malaurie.................................................................................................. 59 Justyn Piskorski ......................................................................................................... 263 Le monde du numérique : quelles relations entre les juridictions? Claire Bazy-Malaurie.................................................................................................. 67 4 5 The Role of Constitutional Courts in the Globalised World of the 21st Century Konstitucionālo tiesu loma globalizētajā 21. gadsimta pasaulē Introduction When different courts have an opportunity to work together, the rights of Introduction individuals are generally better protected than they would be if we were merely to look at the case-law of a single court. She names this process as one in which Globalisation with its various forms and consequences has become the work of each court keeps the other courts on their toes. In any event a legal a major factor affecting modern discourse.1 Yet this phenomenon has not been solution should not be discarded anymore merely because it is ‘foreign’. sufficiently discussed with regard to the functioning of constitutional justice. Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Dr. iur. Mārtiņš It seems that globalisation is a split-subject –it provides great opportunities for Mits gives us the Strasbourg perspective, which sees the constitutional courts as some and at same time causes great hardship for others. The bright side of it is domestic human rights courts. The interaction between them is inevitable and it a self-sufficient justification for those who benefit, while those struggling remind presupposes reciprocal impact. He has the merit to suggest a less researched side us that we cannot simply escape from the grips of reality. of the relations between national courts and the Strasbourg court – the situations On the one hand, there are strong tendencies to defend the globalisation, where the potential impact on the work of the ECHR originates from the rulings including free trade, European integration, and greater solidarity with the rest of the Constitutional Courts. of the world. On the other hand, there are also those who feel that national He is not alone recognising that supranational courts are open to solutions constitutional principles are challenged as a result. This leads to a key question coming from the national courts. The president of the Belgian Constitutional Court, for the constitutional courts, i.e., where to strike a balance? Dr. André Alen gives us numerous examples from the rich Belgian experience The constitutional justice is there to assess whether with regard to the most from which, in some cases, a palpable influence on the supranational courts may dividing issues in a given society the appropriate balance has been found that be inferred. Taking the Constitutional Court of Belgium as an example he shows ensures peace, justice and prosperity. However, this is a world where different how the principles of a genuine dialogue, in the understanding of Habermas, courts co-exist and co-decide. Is there a predictable and yet unsatisfactory should be applied in the relationships between the national constitutional courts hierarchy between them, or perhaps they have outgrown that stage and operate and the two supranational courts, the Court of Justice of the European Union in a web of plurality? (CJEU) and the ECHR. Alas, these conditions are not always met. The authors of the contributions included in this volume had the stimulating If the Luxembourg court has a well-established and highly formalised challenge to trace for credible ways how to bypass the traps