JANUARY 2019 Volume 73 Number 1 AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1848 INCORPORATED IN 1887 IN MASSACHUSETTS 2018-2019 PRESIDENT FIRST SECOND M. PRITTS VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT N. BASSIL K. GASIC SECRETARY RESIDENT AGENT MASSACHUSETTS T. EINHORN W. R. AUTIO EDITOR R. P. MARINI EXECUTIVE BOARD M. WARMUND M. PRITTS N. BASSIL Past President President 1st Vice President K. GASIC T. EINHORN 2nd Vice President Secretary E. HOOVER G. PECK A. ATUCHA ('16 - '19) ('17 - '20) ('18 - '21) ADVISORY COMMITTEE 2016-2019 R. MORAN E. GARCIA S. YAO M. EHLENFELDT D. BRYLA 2017-2020 B. BLACK G. FERNANDEZ D. KARP I. MINAS S. SERRA 2018-2021 G. LANG T. KON D. CHAVEZ T. VASHISTH S. NAMBEESAN CHAIRS OF STANDING COMMITTEES Editorial Shepard Award Membership R. PERKINS-VEAZIE F. TAKEDA P. HIRST Wilder Medal Awards Nominations U. P. Hedrick Award J. CLARK P. HIRST E. FALLAHI Registration of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars Website K. GASIC & J. PREECE M. OLMSTEAD 1 January 2019 Volume 73 Number 1 CONTENTS A Retrospective Analysis of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) Production Data from 2005-2012 – Laine M. Greenawalt, Ron Powell, Janet Simon, and Robert G. Brannan ............................................................. 2 Regional Evaluation of Seven Newly Introduced Sweet Cherry Cultivars in North-East of Iran (Shahrood) – N. Salehabadi, M. Rezaei, A. Sarkhosh, H. Hokmabadi, and M. Abedini Esfahani ..............................................12 An Analysis of Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) Productivity in Northern Latitudinal Aquaponic Growing Conditions – Marie Abbey, Neil O. Anderson, Chengyan Yue, Gianna Short, and Michele Schermann ..............22 Peach Bagging in the Southeastern U.S. – Jaine Allran, Guido Schnabel, and Juan Carlos Melgar .....................38 The Importance of Being ‘Boysen’: Examining Genotypic Variation with SSR Markers (U.P. Hedrick Award - Second Place) – Katie A. Carter, Jason D. Zurn, Nahla V. Basssil, Chad E. Finn, and Kim E. Hummer .............47 The Response of ‘Montmorency’ Tart Cherry to Renewal Pruning Strategies in a High Density System (U.P. Hedrick Award – First Place) – Sheriden Hansen and Brent L. Black .........................................................53 Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Apples in Cold Storage Facilities in Tunisia – Bochra A. Bahri, Yosra Belaid, Ghaya Mechichi, and Wafa Rouissi ....................................................................62 About The Cover ...................................................................................................................................................11 Correction .............................................................................................................................................................46 Index for Volume 72 .............................................................................................................................................76 Instruction to Authors ............................................................................................................................................80 Published by THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Journal of the American Pomological Society (ISSN 1527-3741) is published by the American Pomological Society as an annual volume of 4 issues, in January, April, July and October. 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Society Web Site: http://americanpomological.org 2 3 Journal of the American Pomological Society 73(1): 2-11 2019 A Retrospective Analysis of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) Production Data from 2005-20121 LAINE M. GREENAWALT1, RON POWELL2, JANET SIMON1, AND ROBERT G. BRANNAN1,3 Additional index words: Asimina triloba, Pawpaw, Asimina triloba, fruit production, average FW Abstract This study examined 52 cultivars of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) grown at three locations in southwestern Ohio, of which 24 fit into previously identified genetic groups based on simple sequence repeat markers, harvested from 2005-2012. The harvest duration ranged from 31 days in 2005 to 74 days in 2010, and most of the fruit was harvested in Sept. A frequency analysis of average FW conducted for all cultivars revealed that average FW was normally distributed. The average FW ranged from 10 g (‘Cullman Late’) to 244 g (‘Davis’), but of the more prolific cultivars the average FW ranged from 72 g (‘Rappahannock’) to 172 g (‘NC-1’). Average FW and total number of fruit collected were negatively correlated (r = -0.21, p < 0.001). FW was not affected by location. Genetically similar cultivars were compared based on previously identified groupings. Cultivars assigned to the Susquehanna and Overleese genetic groups had significantly higher average FW and harvest length than other genetic groups. Results of this study expand research on pawpaw production and allow growers to select cultivars with market potential based on factors such as fruit size, yield, and harvest duration. The pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is the larg- dition, the normal bloom period of pawpaw est fruit native to North America. It has a vast flowers can last up to 4 weeks, resulting in native growing range that spans 26 states an elongated harvest period in the fall which corresponding to U.S. Department of Agri- requires more labor and time intensive har- culture (USDA) plant hardiness zones 5-8 vesting techniques (Pomper et al., 2008a). (Galli et al., 2007). The family Annonaceae, In the early 1900s, the pawpaw was con- to which pawpaw belongs, contains over sidered for increased commercialization ef- 2,400 species, all of which are tropical or forts as a native, North American cash crop, subtropical except for pawpaw, making the but these efforts did not materialize (Pomper temperate-growing fruit unique. Moreover, and Layne, 2005). Over the next 60 years, pawpaw trees are exclusive in that they are over four dozen pawpaw cultivars were the only species of the 10 in the genus Asim- named. However, because of neglect or aban- ina to produce a commercially viable fruit. donment only a few of these remain, which Pawpaw trees are shrub-like, understory potentially could have eroded the genetic trees that can grow up to 12 meters tall. They base of current pawpaw cultivars. Since then, have long membranous leaves and maroon breeders and hobbyists have increased ef- flowers that produce clusters of up to nine forts to domesticate the pawpaw. One result fruit in late summer to early fall (Geneve et of this effort has been the establishment of al., 2003; Pomper and Layne, 2005). Howev- the officialAsimina satellite repository of the er, pawpaw flowers are likely self-unfruitful, USDA National Clonal Germplasm Reposi- making pollination an important factor that tory (Corvallis, OR) at Kentucky State Uni- could limit commercial possibilities (Layne, versity and the development of the Pawpaw 1996; Willson and Schemske, 1980). In ad- Regional Variety Trial (Pomper et al., 2008b; 1 School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH 2 Fox Paw Ridge Farm, Cincinnati, OH 3 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Robert G. Brannan, E170 Grover Center, Athens, OH 45701, (740) 593-2879 (office), (740) 593-0289, [email protected] PAWPAW 213 3 Pomper et al., 2003b). In addition, attempts The plantings at the Butler County locations have been made to evaluate the genetic di- began in 2001 and tree site and cultivar se- versity in the pawpaw. Although an early lection was primarily random. The Adams study suggested that genetic diversity in County location, Fox Paw Ridge Farm, is the pawpaw was low (Rogstad et al., 1991), a plot that contained pawpaw trees planted sampling techniques with greater discrimina- from 2003-2006. Fox Paw Ridge Farm tion showed that pawpaw has moderate to plantings were organized in three sections.