Chinese Youth . Tour of the Xisho lslonds. '{7 \D PUBLISHED MONTHTY IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, SPANISH, ARABIC, GERMAN AND POR. TUGUESE BY THE CHINA WELFARE INSTITUTE (SOONG CHING L|NG, CHAIRMANI vol. xxtx No. 9 SEPTEMBER t98O Articles of the Month CONTENTS Chinese Youth: Pro Youth gress ond Problems Chinesu Youth Today Three orticles obout Young People Tell Personal Plans A Poll at the - whot Chino's young peo- Shanghai Shipyard 6 ple ore thinking ond do- Reform of a Young Delinqueni 8 ing, some of their prob- lems ond steps by so- Housing the People ciety to solve them. Also ore About Housing in China Today 11 how delinquenB turned toword progress. The 'Squdre Courtyard' ol Old Beijing 15 Poge 2 New Rural Homes 16 Medicine/Science Chinese Medicine Through French Eyes 1B The Housing Situotion Ancient lmperial Pharmacy-Now the Pb0ple's 39 Housing drortoges ore serious in Chino's big cities, A Family in the Academic Tradition OJ Couses ond meosures for improvement. Focts from the Beijing oreo types of housing, new buildings, N otio no lities io n /Relig rents, ownership, etc. Poge 11 The 'Lusheng'- Music-Maker for the Miao People zt Speaking as a Chinese Christia;r 36 Medicql Science The Arts Two noted French physicions wiro come recentl, to Marvels Done in Dough 29 Chino to ottend the "Sino-French Medicol Science Painter Situ Qiao as I Knew Him 44 Fortnlght" wrote on their impressions, ond on some prospects exchonges. Situ Qiao and His Works 46 results ond of ocodemic Poge 18 First U.S. Worhan in Bei.jing Opera 51 Across the Lond Journey to the Xisho A Thousand Giant Pandas 20 !slqnds Visit to the Xisha lslands 22 Our Four-Hour Stop in Taiwan 34 Present circumstonces, history ond beouty: o Tangerines of Xuefeng 54 firsthon'd report. The Day Lily Comes Back Home 58 Poge 22 Historic Guanzhong Plain 68 Columns ond Speciols Cartoons 10 A Christion Speoks Philately in China 56 Our Postbag 61 Bishop Ding Guongxun, on cfronges in Chino's Pro- Chinese History XXIV - testont thurches during the Ming Dynasty: 2 - Foreign Relations 66 post 30 yeors, ond on the Language Corner: desire of the counttyts Lesson 21: lmperial Palace 71 Christions to run them well ond to friendly FRONT COVER relotion equolity, Rare species of sea cucumber peculiar to the Xisha with fo ligionists. lslands Liu Chen Poge 36 Edltorlol Ollice: Woi Wen Bullding, BelJlng(37), Chlno, Coble: "CHIRECON" Beijins. Generol Dislribulor: GUOJI SHUDIAN, P.O. Box 399, Beijing, Chino. hinese Youth Toda ZHONG PEIZHANG Young geologicll surveyors. Tian Ping A youth loading team on the Shanghai docks commcnded as an advanced collective. Xinhua HAT about Chinese youth in should be grcat diversit.y am()ng dencies to rowdyism, the results the present era? In the the youth. Nevertheless, a m..\in oI the atmosphere cleal,ed by the 1950s China's young people were tendency can be dlscerned. gang of four, and re-cskrbli,shing characterized by revolutionary It first surfaced in the popular' a willingne.ss to studv hald to enthusiasm, dedication and disci- demonslrations irl, Tian An Men master modern scietrce. pline; and in the cultural revolu- Square on Aplil 5, 1976 to com- o Young workers have become tion of the 60s by the Red Guard memorirte thc late, ftentier Zhou an important force in many work "spirit of rebellion." Where are Enlai. llhe.se demonsl,ration.s were units as the veteran.s re'ach retire- today's youth headed for? Are really a Shrrw o[ strength against nrent age, Last year 7 million of they, as some say, a generation the gang of fr.rur, who had grabberd thern were placed in jc.rbs. They whom experience has taught to a lot of power in the Cornrnuni.sl zrre doing their share in mzrking think for themselves? Or are they, Party ancl governnrent.* t\ glerit rrp frlr damage to the national as others call them, the "wound- many of the denronstrators wcre (iconomy during the decade of ed," or even the "lost" genera- young penple, Their revolr-rtionary r 966-76. tion? Are they typified by the action marked the beginrring of r Attitudes of serving the peo- few that strike one on big city the end for the gang, wl'tttse pler, ht-.lping olhers and being pr:lite streets by their avid copying of downlall cirrne tht' follorving ;rnd disciplincd ure again rccom- western styles of bell-bottom Ocl,rlber, menclcd behavior, even if still not trousers and imported sun glasses? Since I976 l,hert'c has bor'rn a universally complied with. Or by the juvenile delinquents stetrdy pn)cess of rc-evaluation r>f These .strands comprise the whose stories appear in the press the ideas promoted over several main tendency among Chinese from time to time? Such ques- years by the gung and by Lin youth, despite any others present. tions are asked by people both at Biao before them, and China's They reflect their strong de,sire to home and abroad. young peoplc have shared in it. create the democracy and China's young people today For thcm the re'sults have been: advanced culture one expect.s in a display many tendencies. They r Seeing through the blind socialist society. This is the way are quite different from the youth cultism, demagogic words and dis- today's youth can continue the of the 50s, or of the Red Guard torted ideas about .socialism pro- cause of their predecessors. movement. The years since 1976, moted by l.he gang. and cmbarking covering the downfall of the gang on a search for the truth and ways The'Advancing Generation' to develop socialist democracy and of four and the discarding of their Today's youth are deeply in- policies, to modernize the country. extreme are for China a fluenced by what happened in the point, o Repudiating the idea of look- historical turning in which 10 years of turmoil during the it is not surprising that there ing down on education and ten- cultural revolution. In promoting I their ideas, Lin Biao and the gang ZIIONG PEIZHANG is a vice-director See the article "The T'ian An Men of four misused the political of the newspaper Chinese Youth and itr Incident in 1976 A P€.ople's Revolu- charge of research for the Communist tionary Movement"- in China Recon- enthusiasm of the yqung people of Youth Leagre. structs in E ebruary 1979. that time, the elder brothers and SEPTEMBEB I98O &4@ 6 * They are sensitive to new things. not content with things as they are; they want change. TheY are dead set against the kind of cul- tural autocracy and restrictive policies pursued under the gang of four; they feel they are entitled tr-i a better lif e, both materiallY and culturally. TheY are eager to Iearn, and want t0 know about the world outside and build con- tacts and friendship with the people of other counlries' Today's youth are the mosl enthusiastic force for social advance. Actively suPPorting the Chinese Communist PartY's Pre- sent policies, theY are willing to work hard and exPlore the un- known in the cause of moderniza- tion. They are u'iliing to break through the trammels of conven- tional ideas. Zhao Le,zs-year-olcl assistanI technician iu Shanghai Teleconrrnnnication llarintr time there are Cable Bureau, one of the many-young people wlro arc becoming the technical At the same mainstay as veterans retire. Xinhuo some who raise questions like: sisters of today's youth, or in some Since Braduation from Jiangsu Asricultulal College in 1918 Qiu Taiping (right) China has been uolking on improving the bl'eed of cases young people. from Yangzhou in souiheast of these same sher:p in 'Iihet. 'Shtr 1'r' Thousands of politically enthusias- tic youngsters were duped by them, and this collective ex- perience has left a deep scar. The policies pursued by the gang left this whole age group "iN ' ill-educated and closed off from important knowledge about the world. They are keenly aware of the wide gap between their pre- tui": paration and the tasks they must face. China's low-level economy, still undergoing readjustment, can provide no quick soiutions for many problems affecting their lives college enrolment, employ- ment,- marriage, housirtg and a richer cultural life. Greater con- tact with things abroad is giving today's youth broader vistas, but has made even more apparent to them the gap between China and the economically-developed coun- tries. This is a factor for greater maturity, but also creates a more complex psychology. They are politically-minded and look for- ward to China's modernization, and they are realistic in that they will not tolerate empty slogan- eering. They want to seek the truth and think independently and will not be talked into accepting anything easily or blindly. 4 cHrNA iltBCONStnucrs Which is better, socia-lism or capi- Discussions Show Morality talism? Wherein does the su- periority of socialism lie? Such Two widespread discussions this questions are in reality a repudia- spring give some insight into the tion of the empty socialist mood of Chinese youth today. rhetoric young of Lin Biao and the gang of four Jiang Xue, a man from Shanghai wrote and show that today's youth to the newspaper Chinese Youth saying that he had sincerely desire genuinely scien- found he had an illness which had tific solutions under socialism. left him incurably paralyzed. He At the top level, China's leaders felt that because of it he should are analyzing the experience and break with the young woman he lessons of the past thirty years of had been going with for the past socialist construction in China, in f our years.