Influence of Elevated Air Temperature During Grain-Filling Stage on Milling Parameters and Rice Grain Wastage Under Climate Conditions in Mazandaran Province

Influence of Elevated Air Temperature During Grain-Filling Stage on Milling Parameters and Rice Grain Wastage Under Climate Conditions in Mazandaran Province

J. Plant Prod. Res. Vol. 28 (1), 2021 http://jopp.gau.ac.ir DOI: 10.22069/jopp.2021.14824.2324 Influence of elevated air temperature during grain-filling stage on milling parameters and rice grain wastage under climate conditions in Mazandaran province *N. Fathi1, H. Pirdashti2, M. Nasiri3 and E. Bakhshandeh4 1Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari and Expert of Seed Quality Laboratory at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran, 2Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran, 3Assistant Prof. of Agronomy, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran, 4Assistant Prof., Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Received: 04.17.2018; Accepted: 11.18.2018 Abstract1 Background and Objectives: Reducing in rice grain milling parameters due to climate change and global temperature increase is one of the most important challenges in many of the world's rice planting regions, including our country, and the changes in milling recovery, regardless of agronomic management, depend on the environmental conditions of each region, especially the air temperature on grain filling stage. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different local climates on milling parameters (MP) of two rice cultivars (cvs. ‘Tarom-Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’) and also to estimate the relationships between MP and average air temperatures (AAT) during the grain filling stage of rice (from anthesis stage (50% of flowers opened) to harvesting time) in Babolsar, Amol and Polesefid regions in Mazandaran province. Materials and Methods: Three field experiments were conducted separately based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Babolsar (-21 m asl), Amol (+24 m asl) and Polesefid (+625 m asl) in the north of Iran on two rice cultivars ‘Tarom- Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’ in 2014. All agronomic managements were done based on local recommendations in each region. Moreover, all studied traits were measured in the grain quality laboratory of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) in three months after harvesting. Results: The results indicated that the effects of different local climates were statistically significant on percentage of milling recovery, head and broken grain and chalkiness (P < 0.01). All studied traits in Polesefid region were better than Amol and Babolsar regions which can be due to lower temperature during the grain filling stage of rice. In general, milling recovery (1.46 and 1.03%, respectively), amount of head grain (3.58 and 3.11 mm, respectively) and whiteness (1.25 and 1.42, respectively) increased linearly per unit increase in AAT in both Tarom-Hashemi and Shiroudi.. Inversely, broken grain of rice (2.63 and 2.51%) and chalkiness content (1.65 and 4.24%) increased linearly per unit increase in temperature for ‘Tarom- Hashemi’ and ‘Shiroudi’, respectively. Milling economic benefit also decreased 8000,000 and 12,000,000 Rial ha-1 per unit increase in temperature for Tarom-Hashemiand Shiroudi, respectively. * Corresponding author; [email protected] 1 Conclusion: These results can be used for predicting the amount of rice milling wastage and estimating the effect of temperature on economic benefit under climate conditions of Mazandaran province. Based on our findings in this study, milling parameters variation were related to temperature which can be estimated in both cultivars (Tarom-Hashemi and Shiroudi) under different local climates of Mazandaran. Keywords: Chalky content, Milling Recovery, Regression analysis, Rice grain 2 J. Plant Prod. Res. Vol. 28 (1), 2021 http://jopp.gau.ac.ir DOI: 10.22069/jopp.2021.16453.2501 Investigation of resistance selected varieties and relationship increase grain yield by Fusarium head blight in wheat cultivars from Northern Iran H. Akhundradkani1, *H. Soltanloo2, N. Mazandarani1, S.S. Ramezanpour2, M. Alkhan3, R. Ghorbani3 and S. Imani1 1M.Sc. Graduate, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, 2Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, 1Ph.D. Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Received: 04.09.2019; Accepted: 11.05.2019 Abstract1 Background and Objectives: Fusarium head blight of wheat with causal agent of fungus Fusarium graminearum is one of the most common diseases affecting wheat. Fusarium as one of the major wheat diseases makes a significant loss on wheat yield and quality globally. Northern Iran, due to the distinct conditions of humidity and temperature is susceptible to Fusarium head disease. One of the most efficient ways to control this disease is the use of resistant, genetically modified cultivars. The annual screening of plant cultivars offers useful information on resistance of cultivars to Fusarium head disease for researchers. In this research, resistance selected varieties and relationship increase grain yield by Fusarium head blight were investigated in wheat cultivars from Northern Iran Materials and Methods: In this study 21 cultivars of common wheat including irrigated and rainfed plus three resistant cultivars and susceptible in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in two different environment were cultivated in educational farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , during 2016. One of the settings was the disease-induced and the other was not disease-induced. In the stressed setting artificial contamination was induced with spore suspension and in the non-stressed setting Falcon fungicide was used to control the disease. Each wheat cultivar was planted on a 4.5 meter line. Lines had a 30 cm distance from each other and seeds had a distance of five cm. In this experiment, fresh fungi suspensions with a concentration of 1×108 macroconidia per milliliter were used. Fusarium spore suspension was applied to spikes at the beginning of the flowering period, inthe onset of the emergence of anthers. After spore suspension application, the disease indices including, the incidence of disease, severity of disease and disease index, and after harvesting, the percentage of infected seeds and performance indicators were measured. Results and Discussion: Based on the results of analysis of variance, a significant difference between the cultivars tested at the probability level of 1% for incidence, severity of disease and percentage of contaminated grains was observed. Analysis of yield data showed that the cultivars Qaboos, Aftab and Layn 17 among the rainfed wheat cultivars, and Morvarid in irrigated cultivar, were the best cultivars in response to Fusarium head blight. Among the cultivars studied, Qaboos and Aftab had the least yield loss and they were suitable for cultivation in areas with Fusarium head blight epidemic. * Corresponding author; [email protected] 3 Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the occurrence of a biotic stress such as Fusarium head blight negatively affects the grain yield, that the resistant cultivars had lower decrease in grain yield. The results of this research can be used as a source for resistant genotypes for corrective actions. Qaboos and Aftab cultivars are introduced as resistant cultivars in areas with high risk of Fusarium epidemic. The Ehsan cultivar is a coarse grain cultivar and has a good yield in a disease-free environment, perhaps it can be found to be suitable for cultivation in areas with low humidity. Keywords: Fusarium graminearum, Genetic resistance, Irrigated and rainfed cultivars, Yield loss 4 J. Plant Prod. Res. Vol. 28 (1), 2021 http://jopp.gau.ac.ir DOI: 10.22069/jopp.2021.16928.2550 The induction of polyploidy by using of colchicine and its identification through cytological traits in Lilium dandie N. Izadi Jeloudar1, *E. Chamani2, A.A. Shokouhian3 and R. Asghari Zakaria4 1Ph.D. Student of Breeding and Physiology of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, 2Professor, Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, 3Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, 4Professor, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Received: 07.21.2019; Accepted: 09.08.2019 Abstract1 Background and Objective: Plant species with more than two chromosome (polyploid) sequences are of particular importance due to increased genetic variation in their better adaptation to new environments, natural evolution and plant breeding. Accordingly, an investigation was conducted to induce in vitro polyploidy through colchicine in a new species of asiatic hybrid Lilium dandie, which has high potential for ornamental and medicinal. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, in vitro bulb scales were treated in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in different concentrations

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