ALTERNATION Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Special Edition Number 19 (2017) Electronic ISSN 2519-5476 Religion & Social Responsibility * Alternation is an international journal which publishes interdisciplinary contributions in the fields of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa. * Prior to publication, each publication in Alternation is reviewed by at least two independent peer reviewers. * Alternation is indexed in The Index to South African Periodicals (ISAP) and hosted online on the UKZN platform, on OJS, and by EBSCO * Alternation is published every semester. Special editions may be published p.a. * Alternation was accredited in 1996. EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR Johannes A. Smit (UKZN) Nobuhle P. Hlongwa (UKZN) ASSISTANT EDITOR: Denzil Chetty; ASSISTANT EDITOR: Beverly Vencatsamy Alternation Editorial Committee Catherine Addison (UNIZUL); Nyna Amin (UKZN); Urmilla Bob (UKZN); Denzil Chetty (UNISA); Rubby Dhunpath (UKZN); Judith Lütge Coullie (UCanterbury); Brian Fulela (UKZN); Nobuhle Hlongwa (UKZN); Rembrandt Klopper (UKZN/ UNISA); Sadhana Manik (UKZN); Jabulani Mkhize (UFH); Nhlanhla Mkhize (UKZN); Sikhumbuzo Mngadi (UJ); Shane Moran (UFH); Thabo Msibi (UKZN); Maheshvari Naidu (UKZN); Thengani Harold Ngwenya (DUT); Johannes A. Smit (UKZN); Graham Stewart (DUT); Beverley Vencatsamy (UKZN) Alternation Research Board Salim Akojee (Nottingham, UK); Robert Balfour (North-West University, SA); Lesiba Baloyi (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, SA); Jaco Beyers (Pretoria, SA); Stephen Bigger (Worcester, SA); Victor M.H. Borden (Indiana, USA); Vivienne Bozalek (UWC, SA); Renato Bulcao de Moraes (Paulista, Brazil); Ezra Chitando (Zimbabwe); Hamish Coates (Melbourne, Aus); Ampie Coetzee (UWC, SA); Scarlett Cornelissen (Stellenbosch, SA); Chats Devroop (UKZN, SA); Simon During (Melbourne, AUS); Farid Esack (UJ, SA); Noel Gough (La Trobe University, Aus); Rosalind I.J. Hackett (Tennessee, USA); Jeanne-Marie Jackson (Johns Hopkins, USA); Tony Jackson (Skyline College, Oakland, NZ); Russell H. Kaschula (Rhodes, SA); Langa Khumalo (UKZN; SA); Elmar Lehmann (Duisberg-Essen, Germany); Janine Lewis (Tshwane University of Technology, SA); Sam Lubbe (Milpark, SA); Sibusiso Masondo (UKZN, SA); Stephan Meyer (Basel, Switzerland); Suriamurthee Moonsamy Maistry (UKZN, SA); Pholoho Morojele (UKZN, SA); Herbert Moyo (UKZN, SA); Wade Nobles (San Francisco State, USA); Maurice Joseph Nutt (Xavier, University of Louisiana, USA); Francis B. Nyamnjoh (UCT, SA); Beatrice Okyere-Manu (UKZN, SA); Bert Olivier (Free State University, SA); Charles O’Neill (British University in Egypt); Vivian Ojong (UKZN, SA); Kriben Pillay (UKZN, SA); Kathleen Pithouse-Morgan (UKZN, SA); Julia Preece (DUT, SA); Geo Quinot (Stellenbosch, SA); Lesibana J. Rafapa (UNISA, SA); Auwais Rafudeen (UNISA, SA); Mogobe Ramose (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, SA); Erhard Reckwitz (Duisberg-Essen, Germany); Dan Remenyi (UWC/ Dublin); Cornelia Roux (Stellenbosch, SA); Hemduth Rugbeer (UNIZUL, SA); Michael Samuel (UKZN, SA); Federico Settler (UKZN, SA); Anand Singh (UKZN, SA); Lilian C. Siwila (UKZN, SA); Tholene Sodi (Limpopo, SA); Crain Soudien (HSRC, SA); Lesley Stainbank (UKZN/ DUT, SA); Kamilla Swart (American University, Dubai); Nisbert T. Taringa (Zimbabwe); Wilfred Isioma Ukpere (UJ, SA); Goolam Vahed (UKZN, SA); Gina Wisker (Brighton, UK) COVER A.W. Kruger CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS The Editor: Alternation, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Priv. Bag X10, Dalbridge, 4041, DURBAN, South Africa; Tel: +27-(0)31-260-7303; Fax: +27-(0)31-260-7286; Web: http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Print ISSN: 1023-1757; Electronic ISSN: 2519-5476 Copyright Reserved: Alternation Alternation Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Religion and Social Responsibility Guest Editors Johannes A. Smit, Lilian Siwila and Denzil Chetty 2017 CSSALL Durban Acknowledgement of Reviewers We wish to acknowledge the participation of the following reviewers in the production of this issue of Alternation. M. Elijah Baloyi – University of South Africa Sophia Chirongoma – Midlands State University Agnes Chiwara – University of Zimbabwe Marie Engh – University of KwaZulu-Natal Julius M. Gathogo – Kenyatta University Nirmala Gopal – University of KwaZulu-Natal Muhammed Haron – University of Botswana Roderick Hewitt – University of KwaZulu-Natal Sokfa John – University of KwaZulu-Natal Mutale Kaunda – University of KwaZulu-Natal Sultan Khan – University of KwaZulu-Natal Kapya John Kaoma – Boston University Simanga R. Kumalo – Seth Mokitimi Methodist Seminary Clint le Bruyns – University of KwaZulu-Natal Tapiwa Praise Mapuranga – University of Zimbabwe Sibusiso Masondo – University of KwaZulu-Natal Henry Mbaya – Stellenbosch University Herbert Moyo – University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelly Mwale – University of Zambia Prof. Philomena N. Mwaura – Kenyatta University Maheshvari Naidu – University of KwaZulu-Natal Samuel J. Ngale – University of Zimbabwe Sinenhlanhla Ngwenya – University of South Africa Fidelis Nkomazana – University of Botswana Beatrice Okyere-manu – University of KwaZulu-Natal Jan Platvoet – Leiden University Moji Ruele – University of Botswana Xolani Sakuba – University of KwaZulu-Natal Tabona Shoko – University of Zimbabwe Lilian Siwila – University of KwaZulu-Natal Nicholas Southey – University of South Africa Nisbert Taringa – University of Zimbabwe Charlene van der Walt – University of KwaZulu-Natal Beverly Vencatsamy – University of KwaZulu-Natal Sithembiso Zwane – University of KwaZulu-Natal Alternation Special Edition 19, 2017 Electronic ISSN 2519-5476 Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa ________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLES Johannes A. Smit, Lilian Siwila and Denzil Chetty Editorial: Religion and Social Responsibility ................................................................................................................... 1 Johannes A. Smit Social Responsibility and Power I: J.T. van der Kemp’s Interventions For and On Behalf of the Khoikhoi on the Eastern Cape Frontier (1801 – 1806) ................................................................................................................. 12 Johannes A. Smit Social Responsibility and Power II: J.T. van der Kemp’s Interventions For and On Behalf of the Khoikhoi on the Eastern Cape Frontier (1801 – 1806) ................................................................................................................. 45 S.A. Chembea Waqfs and the Dynamics of Muslim Charity in Secular Milieus, Kenya, 1900 – 2010 .................................................................................................................... 88 Roderick R. Hewitt Ecclesial Leadership and Social Responsibility within the African Context of Economic Injustice ...................................................................................... 115 Nelly Mwale and Joseph Chita The Church’s Social Responsibility in Zambia: The Catholic Response to the 2016 Prejudiced Attacks on ‘Others’ ............................ 132 Storia Sietisho and Lilian Cheelo Siwila Religion as Situated Knowledge for Social Transformation: The Case of the Mashobye Women’s Manyano of Limpopo Province ........................................................................................................................ 157 AbdulGafar Olawale Fahm Muslim Women and Social Responsibility in Nigeria: Contributions of the Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria (FOMWAN) ..................................................................................................... 175 Zorodzai Dube Theorising Steve Biko’s ‘Human Face’ Challenge alongside Gabriel Marcel’s Embodied Hermeneutics ................................................................... 192 Dennis Masaka and Sarah Yeukai Mukungurutse Confronting the Exclusive Dominance of Christianity in Zimbabwe’s Advanced Level Divinity Syllabus through Africanisation ............................................................................................................... 206 Ezra Chitando, Henrietta Nyamnjoh and Damaris Parsitau ‘Citizens of both Heaven and Earth’: Pentecostalism and Social Transformation in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya ................................................................................................... 232 Loreen Maseno ‘The Glory is Here!’ Faith Brands and Rituals of Self-Affirmation for Social Responsibility in Kenya ..................................................................................... 252 Jaco Beyers Where ‘Heaven’ and Earth Meet: Religion and Social Responsibility ...... 268 Contributors ..................................................................................................................... 290 PRINT CONNECTION Tel (031) 202-7766; 202-7766 Editorial: Religion and Social Responsibility Johannes A. Smit Lilian Siwila Denzil Chetty In our decolonising, digitalising, and neo- and post-colonial world, the scholarly focus on ‘Religion and Social Responsibility’ is here to stay. As Smit (this issue) cogently points out, it has become common purchase not only within traditional socially-minded religious discursive traditions such as the historical Social Gospel Movement, the Catholic Church’s socially conscious and social justice statements and programmes since at