Sturgeon Lake Watershed Characterization Report

Sturgeon Lake Watershed Characterization Report

Sturgeon Lake Watershed Characterization Report 2014 ii STURGEON LAKE WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION REPORT KAWARTHA CONSERVATION About Kawartha Conservation A plentiful supply of clean water is a key component of our natural infrastructure. Our surface and groundwater resources supply our drinking water, maintain property values, sustain an agricultural industry and support tourism. Kawartha Conservation is the local environmental agency through which we can protect our water and other natural resources. Our mandate is to ensure the conservation, restoration and responsible management of water, land and natural habitats through programs and services that balance human, environmental and economic needs. We are a non-profit environmental organization, established in 1979 under the Ontario Conservation Authorities Act (1946). We are governed by the six municipalities that overlap the natural boundaries of our watershed and voted to form the Kawartha Region Conservation Authority. These municipalities include the City of Kawartha Lakes, Township of Scugog (Region of Durham), Township of Brock (Region of Durham), the Municipality of Clarington (Region of Durham), Township of Cavan Monaghan, and the Municipality of Trent Lakes. iv STURGEON LAKE WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION REPORT KAWARTHA CONSERVATION Acknowledgements This Watershed Characterization Report was prepared by the Technical Services Department team of Kawartha Conservation with considerable support from other staff. The following individuals have written sections of the report: Alexander Shulyarenko, Water Quality Specialist Introduction, Water Quality Section and Conclusions Ben O’Reilly, Resources Technician Socio-Economic Characterization, Land Use and Physical Characteristics Sections Brett Tregunno, Aquatic Biologist / Karla Krupica, Aquatic Ecosystems Section Kawartha Lakes Fisheries Assessment Unit, MNR Iryna Shulyarenko, Hydrologist Climate and Water Quantity Sections Nancy Aspden, EM Coordinator/GIS Specialist / Maps and Land Use Calculations David Tellier, GIS Technician Robert Stavinga, Watershed Resources Technician Terrestrial Ecology Section Kawartha Conservation would like to thank the following people for their valuable input into the report: Mark Phillips Ministry of the Environment, Kingston Gordon Balch Fleming College, Lindsay Paul Frost Trent University, Peterborough Richard Ovcharovich Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit, Lindsay Peter Doris Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Brighton Mike Rawson Kawartha Lakes Fishery Assessment Unit, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lindsay Karla Krupica Kawartha Lakes Fisheries Assessment Unit, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lindsay Eric Sager Fleming College/Trent University, Lindsay Kevin Walters Kawartha Lake Stewards Association, Toronto Kathleen Mackenzie Kawartha Lake Stewards Association, Toronto Funding for this project was provided by the City of Kawartha Lakes STURGEON LAKE WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION REPORT v KAWARTHA CONSERVATION Table of Contents About Kawartha Conservation ......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. xiii Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................... xvii 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project History ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Goal and Objectives .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Study Area ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Socio-Economic Characterization .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Summary of Observations and Issues .............................................................................................. 5 2.2 Historical Overview ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Demographics ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Agriculture .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Industry .............................................................................................................................................. 9 2.6 Recreation ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3.0 Land Use .................................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Summary of Observations and Issues ............................................................................................ 15 3.2 Agricultural Lands ............................................................................................................................ 15 3.3 Urban Development ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Rural Residential Areas ................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Lakeshore Areas ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.6 Aggregate Extraction ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.7 Forests ............................................................................................................................................. 21 3.8 Wetlands .......................................................................................................................................... 22 3.9 Meadows ......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.10 Protected Areas ............................................................................................................................... 23 4.0 Physical Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Summary of Observations and Issues ............................................................................................ 25 4.2 Bedrock Geology ............................................................................................................................. 25 4.3 Surficial Geology ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.4 Physiography ................................................................................................................................... 31 4.5 Topography...................................................................................................................................... 33 vi STURGEON LAKE WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION REPORT KAWARTHA CONSERVATION 4.6 Soils ................................................................................................................................................. 33 5.0 Climate ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 Summary of Observations and Issues ............................................................................................ 39 5.2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 Air Temperature ............................................................................................................................... 40 5.4 Precipitation ...................................................................................................................................... 42 5.5 Evapotranspiration ........................................................................................................................... 43 5.6 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................ 45 6.0 Water Quantity ........................................................................................................................................

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