11 Report No. Report of an Announced Inspection of Casuarina Prison October 2001 The cover photo demonstrates why there is a high level of confidence in the security arrangments, but is also relevant to the problem of split command. Report of an Announced Inspection of Casuarina Prison – October 2001 Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services Level 27, 197 St George’s Terrace, Perth WA 6000 www.custodialinspector.wa.gov.au October 2002 ISSN 1445-3134 Contents THE INSPECTOR’S OVERVIEW THE PATH BACK FROM THE CHRISTMAS 1998 RIOT................................................................................4 CHAPTER 1: THE FOCUS OF THE INSPECTION..............................................................................................................6 The Importance of Human Rights within Prisons ..................................................................................6 The Administrative Arrangements leading up to the Inspection .................................................................7 Summary.................................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE PRISON ..................................................................9 Description of the Prison Facilities and Environs ....................................................................................9 Regulating Access from Outside the Prison............................................................................................10 Access Security Arrangements ................................................................................................................11 Regulating Movement Inside the Prison ...............................................................................................11 The Capacity of Casuarina Prison and International Safeguards..............................................................12 The Impact of the Prison System on Casuarina Prison.........................................................................14 The Foundational Principles of Casuarina Prison..................................................................................14 Chronological Events Affecting the Performance of Casuarina Prison ..................................................15 The 1998 Critical Incident (the Riot)...................................................................................................18 Post-Riot Developments ........................................................................................................................21 The Re-Emergence of a Punishment Philosophy ..................................................................................22 Summary ...............................................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3: THE FINDINGS OF THE INSPECTION – CUSTODY AND CONTAINMENT.....................................................26 Correctional Service Standards, Service Demands and Delivery............................................................26 The Inspection Approach ......................................................................................................................27 Yardsticks for Performance Management...............................................................................................28 The Relevance of the Western Australian Prison Service Guiding Principles........................................31 Surveying for Strategic Planning ...........................................................................................................32 Casuarina’s Healthy Prison Test .............................................................................................................34 A Notional Service Level Agreement....................................................................................................35 Custody Management............................................................................................................................36 Preventing Escapes .................................................................................................................................36 Safe Environment...................................................................................................................................36 Maintain Order through Control............................................................................................................37 Provision of a Comprehensive Drug Management Strategy ....................................................................39 REPORT OF AN ANNOUNCED INSPECTION OF CASUARINA PRISON 1 A Fair Disciplinary Process.....................................................................................................................40 The Provision of Emergency Response Capacity....................................................................................40 The Provision of Effective Grievance Mechanisms .................................................................................40 Use of Force and Instruments of Restraint .............................................................................................42 CHAPTER 4: THE FINDINGS OF THE INSPECTION – CARE AND WELL-BEING; REPARATION AND REHABILITATION .......44 The Provision of Care and Well-Being..................................................................................................44 The Management and Care of Specific Groups ......................................................................................44 The Provision of Adequate Food, Shelter and Clothing ..........................................................................44 The Provision of Health Services ...........................................................................................................46 Primary Health Care:Assessment and Prevention..............................................................................46 Primary Health Care: Prisoners at Risk ............................................................................................46 Primary Health Care: Emergency Health Response..........................................................................47 Primary Health Care: Facilities to be Provided..................................................................................47 The Establishment of a Pro-Social Environment.....................................................................................50 Meeting Religious and Spiritual Needs ..................................................................................................51 Psychological Services and Managing Stress............................................................................................52 The Development and Application of Individual Management Plans (IMPs)...........................................52 Identification and Involvement of Voluntary Community Services..........................................................53 Earned Gratuities, Private Cash and Purchases ........................................................................................54 Physical Education and Recreational Services.........................................................................................54 Reparation Obligations..........................................................................................................................56 Work and Donations to Not-For-Profit Organisations............................................................................56 Rehabilitation Programs ........................................................................................................................59 Engagement in Correctional Programs and Activities..............................................................................59 Education and Vocational Training ..........................................................................................................60 Maintenance of Family and Community Contact...................................................................................61 Reintegration and Throughcare..............................................................................................................62 Summary ...............................................................................................................................................62 CHAPTER 5: THE PROSPECTS FOR A NEW BEGINNING ...............................................................................................64 The Post-Inspection Developments at the Prison ..................................................................................64 Realising the Prison’s Core Business .....................................................................................................64 Better Correctional Interventions ..........................................................................................................65 Investing with Due Diligence.................................................................................................................65 Mind the Gap – Assessments with a View to Intervention ......................................................................70 2 REPORT OF AN ANNOUNCED INSPECTION OF CASUARINA PRISON The Relationship between Purposeful Activity and Rehabilitation .........................................................72 Re-Profiling the Staff Deployments........................................................................................................73