WWW.IRCF.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 27(2):259–260 • AUG 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Attempted. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer Cannibalism sayi) in Wisconsin: by a Matheran On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Leaping. The Shared History Frog, of Treeboas (Corallus Indirana grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: leithii (Ranixalidae) A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 1 2 3 RESEARCH ARTICLESAmeya Kulkarni , Anurag Nashirabadkar , and Samruddha Patil . The Texas1T.Y. Horned BSc., Lizard S.M.T. in Central Chandibai and Western Himmatmal Texas ....................... Mansukhani Emily College, Henry, Jason Ulhasnagar, Brewer, Krista Maharashtra, Mougey, and Gad India Perry 204 2BSc. Zoology Graduate,. The Knight University Anole (Anolis of Mumbai,equestris) in Maharashtra,Florida India (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-082X) ([email protected]) 3 Bachelor............................................. in Commerce Graduate,Brian J. Camposano, University Kenneth of Mumbai,L. Krysko, Kevin Maharashtra, M. Enge, Ellen India M. Donlan,([email protected]) and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 annibalism (intra-specific. The “Dow Jones predation), Index” of Biodiversity a widespread ............................................................................................................................... feed- 2011; Neelam et al. 2013; Mahapatra............ 225 et al. 2017; Seshadri Cing strategy ofHUSBANDRY many animal species, can influence com- and Bickford 2018; Gazdar et al. 2019). Those studies docu- petitive interactions between. Captive Care individuals of the Central Netted of theDragon same ....................................................................................................... species, mented intraspecific as wellShannon as Plummer interspecific 226 predation in tad- as well as populationPROFILE dynamics, density, demographic struc- pole-tadpole and tadpole-egg relationships, but none docu- ture, and the life cycles. Kraig of Adler: these A Lifetime animals. Promoting CannibalismHerpetology ................................................................................................ has mented adult-adult cannibalism. Michael L. Treglia 234 been reported in more than 100 species of amphibians and The Matheran Leaping Frog, Indirana leithii (Boulenger reptiles (Polis and COMMENTARYMyers 1981). Anuran amphibians exhibit 1888), is a terrestrial anuran known from parts of the north- . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238 cannibalism in various combinations of their ontogeny, espe- ern Western Ghats between latitudes 16°N and 21°N in cially in adult-juvenile,BOOK but REVIEW also tadpole-tadpole or tadpole- Maharashtra and Gujarat (Modak et al. 2014; Dahanukar et . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, egg pairings (Grant and R.Halliday Berridge, P. Ramani,2010). and B.E. Young ..............................................................................................................al. 2016). The species breeds Robert in Powell June–September 243 and is fre- Cannibalism has been reported rarely in Indian amphib- quently encountered during that period. Modak et al. (2018) ians (Mohanty-Hejamadi CONSERVATION and Dutta RESEARCH 1981; REPORTS: Rajput Summaries et al. of Publishedstudied Conservation the natural Research Reports history ................................. and feeding 245 behavior of the species NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo. Fig. 1. Attempted cannibalism in Matheran Leaping Frogs (Indirana leithii). Photograph by Samruddha Patil. Copyright © 2020. Ameya Kulkarni. All rights reserved. 259 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 KULKARNI ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(2):259–260 • AUG 2020 but did not report cannibalism. Herein we record attempted Gazdar, R., K. Banerjee, and G. D’Costa. 2019. Minervarya sp. (Amphibia: Family Dicroglossidae) tadpoles feeding on a dead toad. Journal of the Bombay adult-adult cannibalism by Indirana leithii. Natural History Society 116: 121–122. We observed the encounter (Fig. 1) at 2102 h on Grant R. and T. Halliday. 2010. Predicting the unpredictable; evidence of pre- 24 August 2019 in a damp alley adjacent to the Aman seismic anticipatory behaviour in the common toad. Journal of Zoology 281: Lodge Station at the species’ type locality of Matheran 263–271. Mahapatra, S., S.K. Dutta, and G. Sahoo. 2017. Opportunistic predatory behaviour (19°00'04.4"N, 73°16'54.2"E). The larger individual had ini- in Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) tadpoles. Current Science 112: tiated ingestion of the smaller frog and had already swallowed 1755–1759. its hindlimbs. During an attempt by the predator to adjust its Modak, N., A. Padhye, and N. Dahanukar. 2014. Delimiting the distribution range of Indirana leithii (Boulenger, 1888) (Anura: Ranixalidae) from northern grip, the prey escaped, but left behind its broken hindlimbs, Western Ghats, India. Current Science 110: 2220–2223. which were duly ingested by the larger individual. The smaller Modak, N., H. Chunekar, and A. Padhye. 2018. Life history of Western Ghats endemic individual succumbed to its wounds shortly thereafter. and threatened anuran – Matheran leaping frogs (Indirana leithii) with notes on its feeding preferences. Journal of Natural History 52: 1745–1761. Mohanty-Hejamadi, P. and S.K. Dutta. 1981. Inter- and intraspecific predation by Acknowledgements Rana tigerina tadpoles. Aquaculture 51: 89–96. We are grateful to Anuj Shinde and Shubhankar Deshpande Neelam, S., W.K. Balwanand, and N.K. Tripathi. 2013. Larval cannibalism in for their help and valuable suggestions during the prepara- the Indus Valley Toad, Duttaphrynus stomaticus. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 2(6): 148–150. tion of this note. We also are thankful to the Alibaug Forest Polis, G.A. and C.A. Myers. 1981. A survey of intra-specific predation among rep- Department and to Rohit Sable for his assistance during tiles and amphibians. Journal of Herpetology 19: 99–107. fieldwork. Rajput, P.A., B. Shanbhag, and S. Saidapur. 2011. Absence of kin discrimination in cannibalistic anuran tadpoles of the frog Haplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 49: 362–365. Literature Cited Seshadri, K.S. and D.P. Bickford. 2018. Faithful fathers and crooked cannibals: Dahannukar, N., N. Modak, K. Krutha, P.O. Nameer, A.D. Padhye, and S. Molur. the adaptive significance of parental care in the bush frog Raorchestes chala- 2016. Leaping frogs (Anura: Ranixalidae) of Western Ghats of India: An inte- zodes, Western Ghats, India. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 72: 4 (DOI: grated taxonomic review. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8: 9221–9288. 10.1007/s00265-017-2420-3). 260.