कᴂ द्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल श啍ति मंत्रालय भारि सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT, TELANGANA दक्षक्षणी क्षेत्र, हैदराबाद Southern Region, Hyderabad REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES IN HARD ROCK AREAS OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE CONTRIBUTORS’ PAGE Name Designation Principal Authors Dr. Pandith Madhnure : Scientist-D (Sr. Hydrogeologist) Shri G. Ravi Kumar : Scientist-C (Sr. Hydrogeologist) Shri G. Praveen Kumar : Scientist-C Supervision & Guidance Shri G.R.C Reddy & : Scientist –D (Sr. Hydrogeologist) & Nodal officer and Supdtg. Hydrogeologist Dr. P.N. Rao Shri D. Subba Rao : Regional Director REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES IN HARD ROCK AREAS OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE Executive summary Co n t e n t s Chapter No. Content Page No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-8 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Scope of study 2 1.3 Area details 2 1.4 Climate and Rainfall 3 1.5 Geomorphological set up 4 1.6 Drainage and Structures 4 1.7 Land use and Land cover 4 1.8 Soils 4 1.9 Cropping pattern (2014-15 in Ha) 5 1.10 Irrigation 7 1.11 Prevailing water conservation/recharge practices 7 1.12 Geology 7 2 DATA COLLECTION and GENERATION 9-25 2.1 Hydrogeological Studies 10 2.1.1 Ground water Occurrences and Movement 11 2.1.2 Exploratory Drilling 11 2.1.3 Ground water Yield 11 2.2 Water Levels (2016) 11 2.2.1 Water Table Elevations (m amsl) 11 2.2.2 Pre-monsoon Season 15 2.2.3 Post-monsoon Season 15 2.2.4 Water level fluctuations (November vs. May) 15 2.2.5 Long term water level trends (2006-2015) 15 2.3 Geophysical studies 21 2.4 Hydro-chemical studies 21 2.4.1 Pre-monsoon (May-2015) 21 2.4.2 Post-monsoon (Nov-2015) 21 3 DATA INTERPRETATION, INTEGRATION and 26-32 AQUIFER MAPPING 3.1 Conceptualization of aquifer system in 3D 27 3.2 Hydro-geological sections 28 3.2.1 NNW-SSE-1 Section (a) 28 3.2.2 NNW-SSE-2 Section (b) 28 3.2.3 NW-SE Section (c) 29 3.2.4 NE-SW Section (d) 29 3.2.5 N-S Section (e) 29 3.3 Aquifer characterization 29 3.3.1 Weathered zone 29 3.3.2 Fractured zone 31 4 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES (2013) 33-38 5 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES and 39-40 REASONS FOR ISSUES 5.1 Issues 39 5.2 Reasons for Issues 40 6 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 41-47 6.1 Management plan 41 6.1.1 Supply side measures 41 6.1.1.1 Mission Kakatiya 41 6.1.1.2 Mission Bhagiratha 42 6.1.1.3 Artificial Recharge Structure 42 6.1.1.4 Water Conservation Measures 45 6.1.2 Demand Side Measures 47 6.1.2.1 Ongoing Micro-irrigation 47 6.1.2.2 Proposed Micro-irrigation 47 6.1.3 Other Recommendations 47 6.2 Expected Results and out come 48 Acknowledgment Figures Figure-1.1 Location map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 2 Figure-1.2 Isohyetal map Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 3 Figure-1.3 Geomorphology map. 4 Figure-1.4 Drainage and water bodies map. 4 Figure-1.5 Land use and cover map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 5 Figure-1.6 Soil map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 6 Figure-1.7 Irrigation map, Karimnagar district. 6 Figure-1.8 Geology map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 8 Figure-2.1 Hydrogeological data availability map. 10 Figure-2.2 Ground water Yield map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district. 12 Figure-2.3 Hydro geological map of Hard rock areas, Karimnagar District 13 Figure-2.4 Water Table Elevation during 2016 (m amsl) 14 Figure-2.5 Depth to water levels Pre-monsoon (May-2016) 16 Figure-2.6 Depth to water levels Post –monsoon (Nov-2016) 17 Figure-2.7 Water Level Fluctuation (m) (NOV vs. May-2016) 18 Figure-2.8 Long-term water level trends (Pre-monsoon-2007-16) 19 Figure-2.9 Long-term water level trends (Post-monsoon-2007-16) 20 Figure-2.10 Distribution of Electrical conductivity (Pre-monsoon-2015) 22 Figure-2.11 Distribution of Nitrate and Fluoride (Pre-monsoon-2015) 23 Figure-2.12 Distribution of Electrical conductivity (Post-monsoon-2015) 24 Figure-2.13 Distribution of Nitrate and fluoride (Post-monsoon-2015) 25 Figure-3.1 3-D Model for study area 26 Figure-3.2 Panel Diagram, Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district 27 Figure-3.3 Layout of hydro geological Sections 28 Figure-3.4a-d Hydro geological sections in different directions, Hard rock areas, 30 Karimnagar district Figure-3.5 Thickness of Weathered zone, Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district 31 Figure-3.6 Depth of Fractured zone, Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district 32 Figure-3.7 Depth wise distribution of fractures, Hard rock Karimnagar district 32 Figure-4.1 Utilizable ground water resources, Hard rock areas, Karimnagar district 38 (2013) Figure-6.1 Priority-1 area. 44 Figure-6.2 Priority-2 area. 46 Table Table-1.1 Salient features of irrigation (2014-15) 7 Table-2.1 Brief activities showing data compilation and generations. 9 Table-4.1 Computed Dynamic, In-storage ground water resources, Hard rock 34 areas, Karimnagar district. Table-4.2 Mandal Wise Assessment of Dynamic Groundwater Resources areas, 35 Hard rock areas, Karimnagar District (2012-2013 [in ham] Table-6.1 Hydrogeological characteristics of area 43 Annexure-1: Proposed Supply side interventions in Priority-1 area. Annexure-2: Proposed Supply side interventions in Priority-2 area. REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES IN HARD ROCK AREAS OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE AT A GLANCE S.No. Item Particulars 1 Districts : Karimnagar (Hard Rock Area) 2 Revenue Divisions/ Mandals : 49 3 Villages : 863 Nos 4 Geographical area : 9152 km2 (77 % area of entire district) 5 Population (2011 Census) : 32.1 lakh (urban: ~21 %, rural: ~79 %) 6 Density of population (2011 Census) : 350 persons/km2. 7 Locations : North latitude 17°58´-19°05´ East longitude 78°30-79°36" 8 Rainfall (Normal) : ~673-1157 mm (avg: 942 mm) (SW: 81 % & NE: 12 %) (During 2014-15 it received 704 mm (-25 % less than normal rainfall) 9 Geomorphology : Pediplain (71 %, pediment (13 %), Denudation hills (7 %), flood plains (3 %) and channel fill (2 %). 10 Major Rivers : The Godavari and The Mannair river 11 Watersheds : 43 nos (Command: 48% and Non-Command:52%) 12 Land Utilization (Ha) : Double cropped area occupies ~56% of the total geographical area, 15% of area is cultivated during kharif season. Forest: ~11%, wastelands ~ 8%, water bodies (tanks) 4 % and cultivable waste land ~2%. 13 Soils : Loamy soils (52 %) and Clayey soils (48 %) 14 Cropping Pattern (2014-15) : Khariff: 458327 Ha (Gross Area:634139 Ha) Cotton (41%), paddy (34 %), Oil seeds (9%), maize (7 %), Spices (3%), pulses (1 %), chillies (3%) , groundnut (1 %), vegetables (1%) other non –food crops 2 % are grown Rabi: 175812 Ha paddy (51 %), maize (30 %), oil seeds (1%) and other non-food crops 2 % etc. 15 Irrigation : Major project: Sri Ram Sagar Project (Stage-1) (Registered ayacut:166397 ha) Medium Projects: Mannair Project (ayacut: 5463 ha), Shanigaram Project (ayacut: 2065 ha), Boggalavagu Project (ayacut: 2085 ha) MI Tanks: 3665 minor irrigation tanks During 2014-15 ground water contributed 97 % of irrigation needs (Khariff: 96 % and Rabi: 99 %). 16 Prevailing Water Conservation/Recharge : PT: 635 and CD: 409 and Farm ponds:140 Practices Micro irrigation: 32264 Ha. Under Mission Kakatiya (Phase 1 and 2) total ~4.3 MCM of silt is removed from 937 tanks. 17 Geology : Banded Gneissic complex (Gneisses: 59 %) Granites: 36 % and Charnokites: 2 and Sandstone/shale (1 %), and quartzite (1%) and ultramafic rocks. 18 Hydrogeological data points : 499 hydrogeological data points (Exploration: 128 (CGWB: 74 and SGWD: 54), VES: 195 and Well inventory: 176) 19 Number of ground water structures : As on 31/03/2017, CGWB drilled 74 bore wells Irrigation Wells: 2.75 lakhs (DW:2.3 lakhs and BW: 0.35 lakhs Domestic Wells: 0.10 lakhs 20 Ground water yield (lps) : 0.1 to 10 lps Low yield (<1 lps):25 % of area, Moderate yield (1-3 lps):51% of area and high yield (>3 lps): 24% of area. Deepest Fracture : 167 m at Dharmaram in Jammikunta mandal 21 Water Levels (2016) : 271 wells (CGWB:60, SGWD:96 and Key Observation wells:115) Depth to water levels (m bgl) : Water table elevations during pre-monsoon season varies from 148-439 m amsl and during post-monsoon season it varies from 154.3 to 452.5 m amsl. Pre-monsoon season: 4.97 to 31 m bgl (average: 13.6 m bgl) and majority are in the range of 10-20 m bgl (67 % area) followed by 5-10 mbgl (25% area). Deep water levels (> 20 mbgl) occupy 8% of area. Post-monsoon: 0.2 to 18.7 m bgl (average: 5.7) and majority are in the range of 2-5 m bgl (48 % area) followed by 5-10 mbgl (43 % area). 22 Water Level Fluctuations (May vs. : 1.25 to 23.4 mbgl Out of 271 wells 270 wells shows rise in water November 2016) levels and 1 well shows fall in water levels.