GI ANATOMY LAB : STRUCTURE LIST Osteology Pelvis Thorax • Pubic symphysis • Costal margin (arch) • Pubic crest • Sternal angle (of Louis) • Pubic tubercle • Pelvic brim o Pectineal line o Arcuate line • Anterior superior iliac spine • Iliac crest Lab 1: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Inguinal canal related structures • Inguinal ligament • Lacunar ligament (ligamentous pelvis model) • Subinguinal space • Superficial inguinal ring • Deep inguinal ring • Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle o Superior: inferior epigastric vessels o Medial: lateral border rectus abdominis o Inferior: inguinal ligament • Direct versus indirect hernia Rectus Sheath • Anterior layer rectus sheath • Posterior layer rectus sheath • Arcuate line • Inferior to the arcuate line o Anterior to rectus abdominis =external oblique, internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis aponeuroses o Posterior to rectus abdominis: Only transversalis fascia is located between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle. • Superior to the arcuate line o Anterior to the rectus abdominis = external oblique aponeurosis + anterior lamina of the internal oblique aponeurosis. o Posterior to rectus abdominis = posterior lamina of the internal oblique aponeurosis + transversus abdominis aponeurosis. Abdominal Muscles • External abdominal oblique muscle • Internal abdominal oblique muscle • Transversus abdominis muscle • Rectus abdominis muscle and aponeurosis Updated: 02/17/2020 Vessels • Superior epigastric artery & vein • Inferior epigastric artery & vein Pro-section Cadaver & Models Muscles Pro-section • Psoas major muscle • Iliacus muscle • Quadratus lumborum muscle • Diaphragm Nerves Pro-section • Subcostal nerve • Iliohypogastric nerve • Ilioinguinal nerve • Femoral nerve • Obturator nerve • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Ligamentous Pelvis Model o Inguinal ligament o Lacunar ligament o Pectineal (Cooper’s) ligament o Subinguinal space Male Reproductive System Model o Superficial inguinal ring o Deep inguinal ring o Inguinal canal o Inferior epigastric artery and vein o Inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle Labs 2-4 Combined Organs/Spaces/Regions/Structures • Lateral umbilical fold (inferior epigastric a. and v.) • Medial umbilical fold • Median umbilical fold • Greater omentum • Lesser omentum o Hepatogastric ligament o Hepatoduodenal ligament • Omental (epiploic) foramen (of Winslow) • Lesser sac • Greater sac Updated: 02/17/2020 • Liver o Falciform ligament o Lobes: right, left, caudate, and o Coronary ligaments (right and left) quadrate o Ligamentum teres (round ligament liver) • Portal triad o Portal vein o Bile duct • Biliary Tract o Common bile duct o Gallbladder o Cystic duct ▪ Fundus o Common hepatic duct ▪ Neck o Right and left hepatic duct ▪ Body • (Cystohepatic) triangle of Calot o Boundaries o Contents ▪ Medial: common hepatic duct ▪ Right hepatic artery ▪ Inferior: cystic duct. ▪ Cystic artery ▪ Superior: inferior surface liver • Spleen • Large Intestine o Cecum o Left paracolic gutter o Appendix o Right paracolic gutter o Ascending colon o Left infracolic space o Right colic (hepatic) flexure o Right infracolic space o Transverse colon o Sigmoid colon o Left colic (splenic) flexure o Teniae coli o Descending colon o Omental (epiploic) appendages • Stomach o Cardia o Pyloric sphincter o Fundus o Pyloric orifice o Body o Greater curvature o Pylorus o Lesser curvature • Small intestine o Duodenum ▪ Superior (1st) ▪ Descending (2nd) ▪ Horizontal (3rd) ▪ Ascending (4th) ▪ Duodenojejunal flexure ▪ Location of suspensory ligament of duodenum (ligament of Treitz) o Jejunum o Ileum o Differentiate jejunum from ileum o Mesentery Updated: 02/17/2020 • Additional Spaces o Right and left subphrenic recesses o Vesicouterine pouch o Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s o Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) pouch) o Rectovesical pouch Vessels • Celiac trunk o Splenic artery o Proper hepatic artery ▪ Left gastro-omental (-epiploic) ▪ Right gastric o Common hepatic artery ▪ Cystic artery o Left gastric artery o Gastroduodenal artery ▪ Esophageal branch o Right gastro-omental (-epiploic) • Superior mesenteric artery o Intestinal branches o Middle colic o Ileocolic artery o Marginal artery o Right colic • Inferior mesenteric artery o Left colic o Sigmoid arteries o Superior rectal artery Portal Circulation • Portal vein • Inferior mesenteric vein • Splenic vein • Superior mesenteric vein Pro-section (Esophagus) • Superior mediastinum • Right vagus nerve • Posterior mediastinum • Left vagus nerve • Esophagus • Anterior vagal trunk • Thoracic aorta • Posterior vagal trunk • Esophageal plexus Female Pelvis Models (Somso) • Perineum • Rectum o Urogenital Triangle o Rectal ampulla o Ishioanal fossa o Transverse rectal folds o Anal triangle • Rectoanal Junction • Internal pudendal artery • Anal Canal o Inferior rectal artery • Piriformis • Pudendal nerve • Levator ani muscle (puborectalis) o Inferior rectal nerve • Obturator internus • Rectosigmoid junction • External anal sphincter • Internal anal sphincter Updated: 02/17/2020 .