E1835 REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA v2 MINISTRY OF PLANNING Public Disclosure Authorized EMERGENCY MULTISECTOR RECOVERY PROJECT (EMRP) PROJECT MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Process Report Volume 2 – Environmental and Social Diagnosis and Institutional and Legal Framework INDEX Page 1 - INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................4 2 - THE EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL MULTISECTOR PROJECT (EMRP) ................................................................................................................5 2.1 - EMRP’S OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................................5 2.2 - PHASING................................................................................................................5 2.3 - COMPONENTS OF THE IDA PROJECT .............................................................6 2.3.1 - Component A – Rural Development and Social Services Scheme .............6 2.3.1.1 - Sub-component A1: Agricultural and Rural Development..........6 2.3.1.2 - Sub-Component A2: Health.........................................................8 2.3.1.3 - Sub-Component A3: Education ...................................................9 2.3.2 - Component B – Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of critical Infrastructures ............................................................................................10 2.3.2.1 - Sub-Component B1: Water ........................................................10 2.3.2.2 - Sub-Component B2: Power........................................................10 2.3.2.3 - Sub-Component B3: Urbanism ..................................................11 2.4 - RESPONSIBLE ENTITIES ..................................................................................11 2.5 - PRESENT SITUATION OF PROJECT’S DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES...................................................................................................12 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA AND PROVINCES ENVOLVED IN EMPR ........................13 3.1 - INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................13 3.2 - GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION..........................................................................13 3.3 - CLIMATE .............................................................................................................13 3.4 - OROGRAPHY ......................................................................................................17 3.4.1 - Continental “Massif” Landforms...............................................................18 3.5 - GEOLOGY............................................................................................................22 3.6 - SOILS ....................................................................................................................26 3.7 - SURFACE WATER..............................................................................................30 3.7.1 - Main Hydrographic Basins ........................................................................30 3.7.1.1 - Main watercouses.......................................................................32 3.7.1.2 - Water Resourcess .......................................................................33 3.7.2 - Underground Water ...................................................................................33 18307md_ing_a.doc 1/145 Environmental and Social Management Process Report Volume 2 – Environmental and Social Diagnosis and Institutional and Legal Framework 3.7.3 - Water Use ..................................................................................................33 3.7.3.1 - Main Dams .................................................................................34 3.7.3.2 - Water Supply to Population .......................................................34 3.7.3.3 - Fluvial Fishing ...........................................................................35 3.7.4 - Water Pollution..........................................................................................35 3.7.4.1 - Human Occupation.....................................................................35 3.7.4.2 - Cattle Breeding Activity.............................................................35 3.7.4.3 - Agricultural Activities................................................................36 3.7.4.4 - Recreational Activities ...............................................................36 3.7.4.5 - Other Activities ..........................................................................36 3.8 - ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS....................................................................................37 3.8.1 - Areas of Ecological Interest.......................................................................37 3.8.2 - Fauna..........................................................................................................38 3.8.3 - Flora...........................................................................................................39 3.9 - AIR QUALITY......................................................................................................40 3.9.1 - Introduction................................................................................................40 3.9.2 - Air Quality in Angola ................................................................................40 3.9.3 - Description of Main Air Pollution Sources in Angola ..............................41 3.10 - ATMOSPHERIC NOISE ....................................................................................42 3.10.1 - General Comments...................................................................................42 3.10.2 - Description of Referential Acoustic Patterns ...........................................43 3.10.3 - Legal Background ....................................................................................44 3.11 - SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS.............................................................46 3.11.1 - Demographics...........................................................................................46 3.11.2 - Economic Activities .................................................................................48 3.11.3 - The Attractiveness of Urban Areas and the Exodus of Rural Population51 3.11.4 - Population Health Status ..........................................................................51 3.11.4.1 - The nutritional situation............................................................52 3.11.4.2 - Water supply and wastewater services......................................53 3.11.4.3 - Morbidity ..................................................................................53 3.11.4.4 - Mortality ...................................................................................57 3.11.4.5 - Disabilities ................................................................................58 3.11.4.6 - Information and education about health conditions..................60 3.11.4.7 - The health system .....................................................................60 3.11.5 - Infrastructures...........................................................................................61 3.11.5.1 - Water and wastewater ...............................................................61 3.11.5.2 - Electrical Power ........................................................................64 18307md_ing_a.doc 2/145 Environmental and Social Management Process Report Volume 2 – Environmental and Social Diagnosis and Institutional and Legal Framework 3.11.5.3 - Transportation ...........................................................................66 3.11.5.4 - Communications .......................................................................69 3.11.6 - Education..................................................................................................70 3.11.7 - Cultural Heritage......................................................................................71 3.11.8 - Physical Heritage......................................................................................73 3.12 - MINED ZONES AND PRESUMABLY MINED ZONES.................................73 4 THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN ANGOLA .........................................................................................................110 3.13 - MINISTRY FOR URBANISM AND ENVIRONMENT .................................110 3.14 - OTHER MINISTRIES CONCERNED WITH ENVIRONMENT ...................114 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION IN ANGOLA .................................117 4.1 - MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS ON ENVIRONMENT .............................117 4.2 - ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN ANGOLA .........................................................119 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................142 ANNEX: EMRP Subprojects Activities by Sub-component and by Time Period 18307md_ing_a.doc 3/145 Environmental and Social Management Process Report Volume 2 – Environmental and Social Diagnosis and Institutional and Legal Framework 1 - INTRODUCTION The present document regards Volume 2 – Environmental and Social Diagnosis and Institutional and Legal Framework, concerning the contextualisation of the Emergency Environmental Multisectorial Recovery Project (EMRP),