NATIVE AMERICAN DNA OF THE SHAWNEE BLUEJACKET FAMILY PekowiBlueJacket Project of FAMILY TREE DNA OF HOUSTON TX Compiled by Gaylord Hinshaw, project administrator The Family Tree DNA Family Finder autosomal test Matches file was downloaded and edited for this article. The Family Finder file primarily displays cM’s and Ancestral Surnames. A cM is a centiMorgan and these units are used to show how two persons are related to each other genetically. Both persons being compared share a common ancestor who was born at a Genetic Distance from them. In comparing, a genetic distance of 0 (zero) shows that the two persons were born in the same generation. Brothers, sisters and first cousins are at a GD of 0. A GD of 1 is for second cousins, a GD of 2 is for third cousins, a 3 is for fourth cousins and so on. The Family Finder Matches spreadsheet file can be sorted in various ways and sorting on the Shared cM column lines matches up by closeness of relationships. Ranges of total centimorgans of IBD segments expected, based on family relationship. Half siblings centiMorgans Chart to determine relationships. would reduce the number by about 1/2 Parent/child: 3539-3748 centimorgans (cMs) 1st cousins: 548-1034 cMs 1st cousins once removed: 248-638 cMs 2nd cousins: 101-378 cMs 2nd cousins once removed: 43-191 cMs 3rd cousins: 43-ca 150 cMs 3rd cousins once removed: 11.5-99 cMs 4th and more distant cousins: 5-ca 50 cMs Ranges of the number of shared IBD segments based on family relationship Parent/child: 23-29 1st cousins: 17-32 1st cousins once removed: 12-23 2nd cousins: 10-18 2nd cousins once removed: 4-12 3rd cousins: 2-6? 3rd cousins once removed: 1-4 4th and more distant cousins: 0-2 The International Society of Genetic Genealogists describes haplogroups as a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations. Most of this article discusses Native American haplogroups. Native North American DNA is common in US citizens as early arriving Europeans faced a shortage of women and native maidens took up the slack. Family Finder myOrigins does not show ethnic distribution for groups that make up less than one percent of the total DNA. The mtDNA Haplogroups containing Native Americans are A, B, C, D and X or their subclades (subdivisions About 95 percent of all Native Americans are in YDNA haplogroup Q. Many subclades of the haplogroups above do not contain Native American DNA. Native American subclades are those that were developed after the Old World peoples entered the western hemisphere beginning about 23,000 years ago. Fig.1. During the waiting Period in Beringia, several haplogroups developed. Once avenues to the south opened up, the Americas were populated. BLUEJACKET NATIVE AMERICAN DNA Chart 1. Native American DNA originated from Central Asia and Northeast Asia ancestors. Once in the Western Hemisphere, new ethnic groups (subclades) developed and they are the Native Americans. Native American DNA plus ancestral DNA combine to produce a native person. Patriarch Blue Jacket was born in about 1737. That was 278 years ago. The French and Indian War began in 1754. Here are records of him trading with Pennsylvanian Indian traders from 1750 until 1753. He became the last principal war chief of the Shawnee Trbe of Indians, passing away in 1808 The Bluejacket family has 22 members that have the Family Finder autosomal DNA test. Chart 1 summarizes their ethnic and genealogical information. Of those, four are Bluejackets. Two additional Bluejackets, David Gabe Blue (Bluejacket) and Benjamin Joseph Bluejacket, only have the YDNA 12 Marker test. The sixth, seventh and eighth generations are represented. Most of the Native American DNA was derived from the maternal side of the family. Robert Denton Bluejacket is a 1/4 th blood Shawnee and has 10 family matches, the most of all. He is in the sixth generation and depending on when "white" blood entered the mix, seventh generation members would have half as much Native American DNA. Gaylord Hinshaw and Winston Bingham fit the norm and both have BIA Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood cards, the degree being 1/8th blood. In turn, the eighth generation members have half as much Native American DNA as the seventh generation members. Marvin Drake Bell does not fit the mould but his grandmother was Shawnee and his father was Cherokee, being 19 percent Native American. R D Bluejacket is in YDNA haplogroup QM242, which originated in the aforementioned Altai region. B H Bluejacket and R E Bluejacket are in haplogroup QM3, which are Native American in origin. QM3is a subclade of QM242 and the change of generations (genetic distance) apparently was the break over point between R D B and the other two. Haplogroup R subclades are common among Amerinds and 47 percent of the Cherokee are in haplogroup R subclades. The Shawnee would be expected to have a similar history. Only one of the Bluejacket members is in an mtDNA haplogroup and she is Maria MalcomParker and her mtDNA haplogroup is A. Her mother is of Mexican descent which is Native American. Fig. 2. Distribution Map of Haplogroup R and its subclades. Most of the R subclades associated with Native Americans are concentrated around the Great Lakes. Algonqian linguistic group of tribes frequented this area.. NATIVE AMERICAN HAPLOGROUPS OF THE MATCHES OF NATIVE RELATIVES OF THE BLUEJACKKET FAMILY Y-DNA Haplogroup Origins C- C-CTS10762 - this haplgroup not CTS10762 found C-M216 C-M216 - Katgmandu Nepal, Southern Asia C-P39 C-P39 - North American Canada Q-CTS1780 Q-CTS1780 - Mexico, Guatamala, South America, Q-L53 Q-L53 - in the pre-Columbian Americas and Eurasia Q-L54 Q-L54 - Western and Central Europe, North and Montana East of Asia, and the Americas. It includes two of the major pre-Columbian paternal lineages in the Americas. Central Asia, Q-M242 Q-M242 - widespread in the Americas Q-M3 Q-M3 - widespread in the Americas Q-M346 Q-M346 - in these populatios: Lenqua,Ayoreo, Wichi, Mocovi, Mapuche, Salta, Cordoba, Huilliche, La Paz and Tarija Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina, Central Asia mtDNA Haplogroup Origins A A - Cherokee, Huron, PeeDee, Panama, Manitoba, Alask, Mi’kmaq, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua, Kuna-Panama, Cree, Chippewa, Guatemaula, Brazil, British Colombia, Honduras, Choctaw, Costa Rica A2ac A2ac - Columgia A2-C64T A2-C64T - Cuba, Guatemaul, Choctaw, New Brunswick A2-C64-A189G A2-C64-A189G – Menominein Wisconsine in Wisconsin A2-C64T- T16111C! A2-C64T-T16111C! - origin not found A2e A2e - Native American A2f A2f - Acadian A2g1 A2g1 - Mexico, New Mexico, Athabascan heritage, A2l A2l - Mexico A2x A2x - Mesico B B - Mexico B2 B2 - is Native, Mexican, Columbian, Mayan, Yaqui, European, South American, ancient remains from Lauricocha cave in central Andean highlands. B2a B2a - widespread in SW U. S., Chippewa clan, Tsimshian in Canada, Ojibwa, Mexico, B2a1a1 B2a1a1 - Mexico B2c B2c - Hispanic, Asia B2c1 B2c1 - Mexico B2c2a B2c2a - Mexico B2g B2g - Mexico B2g1 B2g1 - Mexico B4'5 B4'5 - Eastern Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw, Mexico,; Guatemaula, Nicaragua, South America and Cuba C - Cherokee East,Mexico, Turkey, Puerto Rico. Ecuador. C Argentina, Poland. Canada C1 C1 - Pan-American C1b C1b - North, Central and South Americas C1b10 C1b10 - Mexico C1b7 C1b7 - Mexico C1b9a C1b9a - origin not found C1c C1c - Native American, dating to 1700 brought by Vikings. C1c1 C1c1 - in the Ameericas C1c1a C1v1a - Asia, Pima, Mexoco C1c1b C1c1b - mostly South America, Mexico and USA C1c2 C1c2 - Mexico C1d1a1 C1d1a1 - Oklahoma, Montana, Quebec, Zacatecas – Perego, Canada-Cree – Rieux C1d1c1 C1d1c1 - Texas, Michigan, Mexico C1d-C194T C1d-C194T - Mexico, Argentina, Columbia D D - Choctawm Kore, Japan, Mexico, Venezuela D1 D1 - Beringian, Mexican, North American, Katuena, Poturujara, Surui, Tiryo, Waiwa, Zoro, Gaviao, Guarani/Rio-das-Cobras, Brazilian, Que Chia, Pima Indian, British Colombia, Guarani, D1f D1f - in the Americas D2a1a D2a1a - Aleut X X - ancient DNA found in Washington State X2a1a X2a1a - found among the Sioux and Tanoan speakers X2a2 - Navajo, X2a2 USA X2b7 A2-C64T - Cuba, Guatemaul, Choctaw, New Brunswick X2e2a X2e2a - found in the Altai region (Tubalar, Kizhi) Chart 2. The lists include countries or areas where haplogroups have been found. NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HAPLOGROUPA No. YDNA No. mtDNA No. mtDNA 32 Q-M242 27 A 3 C1c2 28 Q-M3 27 X 2 B2a1a1 3 Q-L54 15 B4'5 2 B2g1 2 C-M216 10 B2 2 B2g1 2 C-P39 10 C 2 C1b C- 1 CTS10762 5 D1 2 C1d1a1 Q- 1 CTS1780 5 D1 2 C1d-C194T 1 Q-L53 3 B2c 1 A2ac 1 Q-M346 3 B2g 1 A2-C64T-T16111C! Total Matces 17 No. mtDNA No. mtDNA No. mtDNA 1 A2e 1 B2c2a 1 C1c1a 1 A2f 1 B4b1c1 1 C1c1b 1 A2f1a 1 C1 1 C1d1c1 1 A2g1 1 C1b10 1 D1f 1 A2l 1 C1b4 1 D2a1a 1 A2x 1 C1b7 1 X2a1a 1 B 1 C1c 1 X2a2 1 B2a 1 C1c1 1 X2b7 1 B2c1 1 C1c1b No. mtDNA 1 X2e2a Total Matches 149 Chart 3. Most of the single haplogroups are attributed to Maria Malcom, whose mother is Mexican in descent. In Central Asia, areas of southern Russia, northeastern Kazakhstan, northern China and northwestern Mongolia contain the Altai Mountains. This region became the cradle of Native American ancestors. YDNA haplogroup QM242 was a principal ethnic group that spawned various native populations, carrying into the western hemisphere via a land bridge. Similarly , mtDNA haplogroups passed through Beringia with the same results. Once in Beringia, they had to tarry for about 5,000 years due to glacial ice blocking.