Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project Vern Ehlers Interviewed by Richard Norton Smith July 21, 2010 Smith: Thank you very much for doing this. The obvious question at the beginning is how did your paths first cross with Gerald Ford? Ehlers: I really don’t know except that I recall once getting on an airplane here in Washington. I was here for a physics meeting, got on the plane, and he was sitting up in first class reading the newspaper. I just introduced myself to him and he said, “Hello,” and was very polite. And just to show how impressive he was at remembering names and people, the next time I saw him, I don’t even remember where it was, he got that puzzled look on his face and a few light bulbs went on, and he in fact made the comment something about, “Ah, Professor Ehlers!” And that’s impressive given all the people he meets. Smith: The mark of a good congressman? Ehlers: Yes, he was much better at remembering names that I was. Smith: You came into politics through a very unconventional route. Ehlers: Yes. Smith: Tell us a little bit about that. Ehlers: Well, I’m a nuclear physicist by training and never intended to get involved in politics. I had been teaching at Berkeley, had received my Ph.D. there, and was asked to stay on the faculty. So I taught and did research at Berkeley for six years after the Ph.D. Then Calvin College – an excellent, excellent liberal arts college in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and my alma mater - asked me several times if I would come and help them build a physics department and teach at Calvin. And I said ‘no’ several times, but my conscience started bothering me, so I finally decided to do it. We moved to Grand Rapids in 1966. It’s all kind of complicated and even a little hazy in my head at this point, but that was at a time of great national Vern Ehlers July 21, 2010 distress due to the Vietnam War - I was at Berkeley - so of course, I watched all the related student activity. I was not involved in demonstrations, but I interacted with students and faculty and watched carefully. I’m a good watcher. And I watched what was going on and who was doing what, saying what, and how it was going. Initially, it started through this very idealistic effort to change policy of the nation, but it turned violent after a few years, by the time I left. I went back for three summers to do research after I’d moved to Michigan, and each summer was progressively more violent, even to the point of a student getting shot by a National Guardsman. This was before the Kent State event. It was not a fatal shot, but it was a remarkable step of course. Smith: Do you find it difficult to communicate to people today who weren’t there just how intense, even violent, the political feelings had become, not only on campus but in the broader culture? Ehlers: The difficulty is most people don’t even know it happened. Today, when you talk to them, they’re just astounded. And when we’d moved to Grand Rapids, there’d been race riots there just a few weeks before we arrived. Compared to Berkeley, it was small scale stuff, but still pretty serious for the city Grand Rapids was. My wife and I are both devout Christians and we went searching for a church and we chose one, particularly because it was only two blocks from where the race riots were. We thought maybe we could be of some help to that community, plus we had some friends who already belonged to that church, people I had known from Calvin. Even though we had ended up at Berkeley and they had ended up at Columbia University, we ended up back at Calvin. So my wife and I decided to join Eastern Avenue Christian Reformed Church and that suddenly put me in the midst of the maelstrom because the church was trying to be a positive force in the community. We started Baxter Community Center - I’m sure you’re familiar with that - which was a big factor in stabilizing the community there. We started Project Conserve which was to restore housing, and that became the Inner City Christian Federation, which rebuilt hundreds of decaying homes in the inner city. They rented them 2 Vern Ehlers July 21, 2010 or sold them. I was teaching courses on how to maintain and insulate your house, and it turned into sort of a Habitat for Humanity before Habitat for Humanity was around. I was active in helping that get started. And later, it became ICCF, but also had a portion for humanity of development. We had two programs going. Smith: One of the themes of this project is to examine the culture of West Michigan and the environment that produced Ford and that elected him over and over again. We’ve heard wonderful stories of the influence of the Christian Reformed Church – how for years people would buy a Sunday paper on Saturday night, but they wouldn’t read it until Monday. How has it changed and how has it not changed? Ehlers: It has changed considerably in terms of participation in the political arena. I was one of the first. There had been some others from the Christian Reformed Church who had served publically, but they were not considered leaders in the Dutch or Christian Reformed community. I wasn’t either when I started, but as I said, I came into our church, and later our church formed a social justice committee and I was asked to chair that. That immediately put me in touch with a lot of other churches in the city, non-Christian Reformed, that were doing the same thing. Denny Hoekstra and his wife Jeni went to the same church. Both of them are masters at localizing a community, so we worked with them and became close friends with them. Also, Howard Rienstra, who would later become a city commissioner, is also a faculty member at Calvin and many of the Grand Rapids activists were at Calvin College. Smith: This flies in the face of the stereotype of West Michigan, and particularly the Dutch community, as an inherently conservative group. Ehlers: My mother was very upset when I got involved politically. She sort of justified it when I got elected to the county commission. She justified that as long as I was still teaching at Calvin and part-time in politics, that was okay, because - in paraphrasing what she said - any damage done to me in the county building by my colleagues there was undone by my going back to Calvin College to teach the same day. 3 Vern Ehlers July 21, 2010 Smith: So, it was less an ideological aversion than a cultural rejection of political involvement? Ehlers: Yes, I would say it’s certainly more the latter. And my mother never really fully adjusted to the fact that I was politically involved. Whereas my dad, who was a pastor in the Christian Reformed Church, was quite proud of it. He thought that was the right thing to do. In fact, it’s kind of funny because my sister liked to prod my dad occasionally and when he retired, he moved to Ohio where my sister was. He became active in the United Way, treasurer of the local United Way and things like that. One day, he was sitting at the kitchen table counting money and so forth and my sister walked in and says, “Dad, you’re going to the dogs. You used to preach against the Boy Scouts and now you’re collecting money for them,” which sort of epitomized the change. But in my case, I didn’t have any of the hang-ups. I had been at Berkeley and I had seen that side of the world and their reaction. But my friends and I, you know, the Hoekstras and Rienstras and so forth, recognized that a good deal of the problem with Grand Rapids was a lack of good leadership in the city commission, so that’s where we started. At least, that’s where Rienstra and I went on the County Commission. We were working through different channels, but always with the same objective. We simply decided we needed better leadership and so we would try to pick the person who was running for the city commission who showed the greatest understanding and the greatest promise of doing something and we would help that person get elected. We basically became a machine without even trying to be. Smith: Imagine: a good government machine. Ehlers: A good government, idealistic in approach, and you know, you’ve been in politics, you know how hard it is to get volunteers to help. You drag them in kicking and screaming to get them to write and put stamps on letters and all that stuff. Howard Rienstra and Jeni, Denny Hoekstra and I, along with Norm DeGraaf, who was a forward looking insurance salesman, we just put this little machine together and we’d pick who the best candidate was, go to that candidate, and knock on that door and say, “We think you’re the best. We’d 4 Vern Ehlers July 21, 2010 like to help you.” To have volunteers, experienced volunteers, appear out of the gloom and say, “We’re here to help you” had a major impact.