A Novel Brine Precipitation Process with the Aim of Higher Permeate Water Recovery Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Azadi Aghdam, Mojtaba Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 02:16:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613571 A NOVEL BRINE PRECIPITATION PROCESS WITH THE AIM OF HIGHER PERMEATE WATER RECOVERY by Mojtaba AzadiAghdam A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN ENVRIONMENTAL ENGINEERING In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2016 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR The thesis titled A Novel Brine Precipitation Process with the Aim of Higher Permeate Water Recovery prepared by Mojtaba AzadiAghdam has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a master’s degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Mojtaba AzadiAghdam APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: th May 4 2016 Thesis Director: Shane A. Snyder Date Professor of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2 Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to thank my thesis advisor Professor Shane Snyder. The door to Prof. Snyder office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. He consistently allowed this research to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever he thought I needed it. I would also like to thank Professor Jim Farrell. Without his passionate participation and input, this research could not have been successfully conducted. I am also gratefully indebted to him for his very valuable comments on the research paper that is published based on this study. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and friends for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. 3 Dedication This work is dedicated to my parents and mainly my father who passed away while I was studying in United States. He has always loved me unconditionally and whose good examples have taught me to work hard for the things that I aspire to achieve. I hope I always live with his blessings… 4 Table of Contents Title page ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Statement by author ........................................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................. 3 Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... 5 List of figures ..................................................................................................................................... 7 List of tables ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Graphical Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 11 Membrane-based technology ....................................................................................................... 14 Pressure driven membranes ..................................................................................................... 14 Intermediate chemical softening ........................................................................................... 14 Seeded slurry precipitation and recycle ................................................................................ 17 Pellet reactors ........................................................................................................................... 17 Electrocoagulation ................................................................................................................... 18 Electrical potential-driven membranes ........................................................................................ 18 Impact of different parameters on multi-step brine precipitation ............................................... 19 Mixing rate ............................................................................................................................ 19 Selection of chemical ............................................................................................................... 19 Alkaline chemical dose ......................................................................................................... 20 Pretreatment time ..................................................................................................................... 20 Antiscalant dose .................................................................................................................... 20 Seeded material ........................................................................................................................ 20 Seeded material amount ........................................................................................................... 21 Seeding time.......................................................................................................................... 21 Experimental .................................................................................................................................... 21 Materials ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Brine generation and system description ..................................................................................... 23 Methods..................................................................................................................................... 24 Results and discussion ..................................................................................................................... 25 Ferric Chloride Addition ........................................................................................................... 25 Carbonate Mineral Precipitation .................................................................................................. 28 5 Enhanced Barium Removal ......................................................................................................... 31 Permeate water recovery estimation for the secondary membrane ............................................. 34 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 35 Appendix 1: Supplementary data .................................................................................................. 36 References ........................................................................................................................................ 39 6 List of figures Figure 1 Graphical abstract ................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2 Conceptual illustration of steps required for achieving near-ZLD or ZLD of concentrate generated from RO processes (Subramani and Jacangelo 2014). ................................................... 13 Figure 3 CESP Illustration for precipitation of supersaturated brine with respect to CaCO3 and CaSO4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 4 PB-900 Programmable Jar tester, Phipps & Bird ........................................................... 22 Figure 5 CAP brine supersaturation levels .................................................................................... 23 Figure 6. Phosphorus removal and pH reduction as a function of FeCl3 dose after 30 min of mixing. .............................................................................................................................................