EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 CITY LAB KOCHI, INDIA Photo: Alain Dubois Photo: Supported by: based on a decision of the German Bundestag CITY LAB – KOCHI, INDIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. CITY LAB KOCHI 7 2.1. Sustainability Profile of Kochi 8 2.2. Climate Observations and Impacts of Climate Change 9 2.3. Sectorial Analysis 11 2.3.1. Housing and built environment 11 2.3.2. Energy 13 2.3.3. Water and Sanitation 14 3. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 16 4. ROADMAP: STRATEGY & MEASURES 17 4.1. Strategy Map 17 4.2. Suggested measures 18 5. OUTLOOK 24 AUTHORS 25 2 CITY LAB – KOCHI, INDIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT MORGENSTADT GLOBAL SMART ABOUT THE CITY LABS CITIES INITIATIVE The Morgenstadt Global Smart Cities Initiative (MGI) At the heart of the MGI project is the Fraunhofer is funded by the German Environmental Ministry Morgenstadt Initiative which has been instrumental in through the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The establishing the network of experts leading the MGI project aims at a transformational change of City Labs for three selected cities. The Fraunhofer urban systems through the analysis, identification, Morgenstadt Initiative is a network consisting of and development of sustainable cross-sectoral solu- Fraunhofer Institutes, municipalities and companies tions to optimize urban infrastructure, processes or that was launched in 2011 by the Fraunhofer Institute services in Kochi (India), Piura (Peru), and Saltillo for Industrial Engineering (IAO) to conceptualize, de- (Mexico). velop and test innovations for the city of tomorrow. The MGI intends to help the cities to increase their The Morgenstadt City Lab consists of an in-depth resilience to climate change impacts, as well as to analysis of a given city based on performance indi- support their GHG emission reduction efforts. Climate cators for assessing the quantifiable sustainability change represents a global challenge that can only be performance; key action fields essential for sus- overcome through international cooperation. As part tainable development and the unique impact factors of the IKI network, the MGI’s primary objective is to affecting each city. The results of each City Lab mitigate the consequences of climate change in the include an individual sustainability profile, a detailed pilot cities, to increase their resilience to climate analysis of specific urban sectors, an action-oriented impacts and risks, and to preserve their natural roadmap as well as the development of innovative resources better. measures and projects. Figure 1 illustrates the com- prehensive framework deployed in all three City Labs. The selection of the three City Labs of Kochi (India), Piura (Peru), and Saltillo (Mexico) was based on the challenges they face in terms of climate change and urban development. All of them present a high degree of urbanization or urban growth. They have identified urbanization as a source of and a solution to many sustainability challenges in regional development strategies. However, none of the cities appear to have a coherent approach that underpins urban climate resilience and sustainable urban development with innovative policies and efforts to develop cross-sec- toral interventions and infrastructure. 3 1. INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 MORGENSTADT FRAMEWORK FOR MGI (FIG.1) Examine city governance structure, climate risks, urban planning, economy and business, environmental management 1. INITIAL URBAN SYSTEM SCREENING MCI Index Local stakeholder consultation 2. IN-DEPTH URBAN SYSTEM ASSESSMENT Sectorial analysis Urban system assessment Climate risk & resilience assessemnt • Sector specific Afs & indicators • Overarching indicators and action to analyze climate risk and to track • Onsite data collection fields adaption measures • Onsite data collection Identifying current strenghts, challenges and development opportunities of the city 3. IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT OF MEASURES City sustainability profile & Clustering of measures Impact factor analysis Local stakeholder prioritization of strategic according to their expected consultation measures trough influence impact and interrelation matrix Enhanced local capacity and expertise 4. FORMULATION OF THE ROADMAPS Roadmap of project ideas Including key building blocks, preliminary Cost benefit analysis, GHG mitigation potential estimates and risk assessment 4 1. INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 ABOUT KOCHI Photo: Ernesta Maciulyte Photo: Kochi city is home to approximately 600,000 inhabi- tidal creeks and backwaters, due to which Kochi has tants, whereas the urban agglomeration accommo- been regularly subjected to natural disasters like dated 2.1 million inhabitants. It is the economic, tour- floods, cyclones, droughts and landslides. Over the istic and commercial center of the state of Kerala, past decade, sea level rises and increased frequency which is located in the south-west region of India on of extreme rainfall events have led to growing concern. the Malabar Coast. Second to Mumbai, Kochi is the Rising temperatures exacerbate the heat island effect most important port city on the western coast of in Kochi too. India. However, the city has become increasingly exposed to the risks and concerns associated with It is therefore crucial for the urban development of climate change. Kochi lies barely 5 meters above sea Kochi to have a climate change and policy landscape level on average and has a coastline of 48 kilometers. that provides the framework for a sustainable tran- The city is embedded into a complex network of rivers, sition. To tackle the effects of climate change and to 5 1. INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 realize both economic and environmental objectives, India launched the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in 2008. At the sub-national level, SAPCC (State Action Plan on Climate Change) was developed to align the national framework with the regional development goals and to manage local climate risks effectively. Furthermore, following the ratification of the Paris Agreement in 2015, national schemes such as NDC (Nationally Determined Contri- bution) attempting to promote clean and renewable energy and development of less carbon-intensive and more resilient urban centers and National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) supporting adap- tation and mitigation efforts to combat climate change were developed by the Government of India. On the city level the Kochi Municipal Corporation is responsible for town planning and health and engi- neering in the city. Apart from the municipal corpo- ration, parastatal bodies1 are responsible for gover- nance on the local level. Nevertheless, in the absence of city level authority, the climate change issues and actions are handled at the state level by the Climate Change Cell located within the Directorate of Envi- ronment and Climate Change. India’s Smart Cities Mission aspires to promote urban infrastructure providing a decent quality of life along with a clean and sustainable environment with the application of Smart solutions. At the heart of this the City Lab investigated the key challenges and opportu- nities in Kochi following the Morgenstadt City Lab methodology process, which is described in the following chapter. 1 Kerala Water Authority (KWA), The Public Works Department (PWD), Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA), Cochin Port Trust (CPT), Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA), District Disaster Man- agement Authority (DDMA) 6 CITY LAB – KOCHI, INDIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 2. CITY LAB KOCHI CITY LAB KOCHI TIMELINE (FIG.2) Launch of Preliminary city • Assessment of City profile report ‘Kochi Smart City Assessment indicators & AFs Executive Summary Innovation Lab’ • M-CI index • Impact factor assessment assessment On- site assessment 13th to 24th Jan 2020 Local stakeholder workshop Strategy 1st quarter 2021 • Executive kick-off 22nd Jan 2020 measures & Finalization of • Initial Stakeholder roadmap Project design mapping • Sector Selection definition document • Adaptation of methodological framework Dec May Aug Jan March May Dec 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 2020 (Partners) Data Assessment Kochi June 19 – Mar 20 tium Lab City Consor Supporter The City Lab Kochi builds on Kochi’s Smart City Devel- based on the critical sustainable urban development opment priorities2 and supports the city’s efforts in challenges as well as local stakeholder consultation achieving India’s Smart Cities Mission3 objectives. by understanding the strategic priorities for Kochi. The goal of this City Lab is to help Kochi become a This City Lab explores the relationship and potential model for innovative, locally tailored, climate-smart impacts of three identified sectors on climate change solutions targeted at increasing its resilience to adaptation and mitigation. Between October 2019 – climate change impacts while preserving natural re- May 2020, the City Lab Kochi Team carried out the city sources and stimulating the local economy. assessment. The project followed the timeline shown in Figure 2. The City Lab Kochi is focused on the three sectors “Housing and built environment”, “Energy”, and “Water As a result, measures were identified and assessed and Sanitation”. The sectors have been selected as a part of the City Lab process which can be seen in the following chapter. 2 https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/Kochi_SCP.pdf 3 https://smartnet.niua.org/smart-cities-network 7 2. CITY LAB KOCHI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2020 2.1 SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE ACTION FIELD