DESIGN OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM By NUHA AHMED MAHDI MOHAMMED INDEX NO. 124104 SUPERVISOR PROF. SHARIEF BABIKER A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of B.Sc (HONS) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING) University of Khartoum Faculty of Engineering OCTOPER 2017 DECLARATION OF ORGINALITY I declare this report entitled “Design Of Power Line Communication System” is my own work except as cited in references. The report has been not accepted for any degree and it is not being submitted currently in candidature for any degree or other reward. Signature: ____________________ Name: _______________________ Date: ________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor prof. Sharief Fadul Babikir, for the guidance and support he provided throughout the project and related research, for his time, patience and kindness, and for providing me with the opportunity to work with him. It has been a great privilege and honor. I am deeply grateful to my project partner,Alaa Abd Almoniem for her hard work, continuous support and the unforgettable times we have spent. I also would like to give my gratitude to engineer Mahmoud Ibrabim for his continuous advice, systematic guidance, encouragement and support iii DEDICATION To my parents, Colleagues and everyone who believed in me To the Five years of Fulfillment To the experience that can never be replaced A big thank you. iv ABSTRACT Power lines were originally designed to transmit power from the suppliers to the customers at low frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). To improve the communication infrastructure, power lines can be utilized as communication channel. This project aims to design and implement Power Line Communication system that consist of transmitter, receiver, coupling circuit and the Power lines as the communication medium. Transmitter was designed to modulate data using Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) technique. Receiver on the other side will demodulate the signal using Phase Locked Loop (PLL). transceiver also perform multiple filtering and amplifying operations in order to repair signals that have been attenuated and affected by the noise after the transmission over power lines. Coupling circuit is the heart of the system it was designed to insert the modulated signal from the transmitter into the power line and to extract it on the other receiver side .and to protect circuit from the high voltage low frequency signal (240v 50 hz). v المستخلص تم تصميم خطوط الطاقة أصﻻ لنقل الطاقة من الموردين إلى العمﻻء في التردد المنخفض )50 هرتز أو 60 هرتز(. لتحسين البنية التحتية لﻻتصاﻻت، يمكن استخدام خطوط الكهرباء كقناة اتصال. يهدف هذا المشروع إلى تصميم و تنفيذ نظام اتصاﻻت يستخدم خطوط نقل الكهرباءلنقل بيانات رقمية.يتكون النظام من جهازي اﻹرسال واﻻستقبال ودائرة اقتران وخطوط الطاقة كوسيلة اﻻتصاﻻت. تم تصميم المرسل بحيث يقوم بتعديل البيانات الرقمية المراد ارسالها باستخدام تقنية تكييف ازاحة التردد )FSK(. وسيؤدي المستقبل على الجانب اﻵخر إلى إزالة تشكيل اﻹشارة باستعمال حلقة الطور المقفل )PLL(. ويقوم جهازي اﻹرسال واﻻستقبال أيضا بعمليات ترشيح وتضخيم متعددة من أجل إصﻻح اﻹشارات التي تم توهنها وتأثرها بالضوضاء بعد اﻹرسال عبر خطوط الكهرباء. دائرة اﻻقتران هي قلب النظام تم تصميمها ﻹدخال إشارة التضمين من المرسل في خط الطاقة واستخراجها في جانب المستقبل، و ايضا لحماية دائرتي اﻻرسال و اﻻستقبال من الجهدالعالي)240 فولت(. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORGINALITY ..................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... v vi ........................................................................................................................................................ المستخلص Table of contents ........................................................................................................................................ vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... xii List of abbreviation .....................................................................................................................................xiii 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 overview ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem statement ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Project objectives .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Thesis layout ................................................................................................................................. 1 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITRETURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1 PLC history..................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 PLC applications: ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 according to the frequency: ................................................................................................ 10 2.2.2 According to the voltage: .................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2.1 Low voltage or in-house: ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2.1.1 Home automation: .................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2.1.2 Street lightening monitoring: .................................................................................... 13 2.2.2.1.3 Low cost inter-device peer-to-peer networking: ...................................................... 13 2.2.2.2 Medium Voltage and Low Voltage: ................................................................................. 13 2.2.2.2.1 Utility: ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2.2.2 Broadband data transmission: .................................................................................. 14 2.3 PLC Types .................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.1 Ultra-narrow band plc ......................................................................................................... 15 vii 2.3.2 Narrowband plc................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.3 Broadband plc ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Plc standards ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.1 CENELEC .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 FCC ...................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.3 IEEE ...................................................................................................................................... 21 2.4.4 IEC ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.5 PLC protocols and Technologies ................................................................................................. 23 2.5.1 X-10 ..................................................................................................................................... 23 2.5.1.1 Protocol description ........................................................................................................ 23 2.5.1.2 Disadvantages ................................................................................................................. 25 2.5.2 CsBus technology ................................................................................................................ 25 2.5.3 LonWorks technology ......................................................................................................... 25 2.6 PLC system components ............................................................................................................. 26 2.6.1 Modem ...............................................................................................................................