Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU 2nd Floor, HRD Building, DENR Compound Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Telefax Nos. (63-2) 920-2251 • 920-2252 http://www.denr.gov.ph • http://www.emb.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK GROUP WORLD BANK OFFICE, MANILA 1818 H. Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. 23rd Floor, The Taipan Place Emerald Avenue Tel. (202) 477-1234 Fax. (202) 477-6391 Ortigas Center Pasig City, Philippines Telex: MCI 64145 WORLDBANK Tel. (63-2) 637-5855 MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Fax. (63-2) 917- 3050 www.worldbank.org.ph http://www.worldbank.org.ph THE WORLD BANK GROUP 1818 H. Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Country Office, Manila Tel. (202) 477-1234 Fax. (202) 477-6391 23rd Floor, The Taipan Place, Emerald Avenue Telex: MCI 64145 WORLDBANK Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines MCI 248423 WORLDBANK Tel. (63-2) 637-5855 Fax. (63-2) 917- 3050 www.worldbank.org.ph December 2003 The Philippines Environment Monitor 2000 presented snapshots of the general environmental trends in the country. The Philippines Environment Monitor 2001 focused on solid waste management. The Philippines Environment Monitor 2002 focused on air quality. This document was prepared by a Team composed of Mdmes./Messrs., Christopher Ancheta, Masuomi Hiroyama, Patchamuthu Illangovan, Juergen Lorenz, Yolanda Mingoa, Arlene Porras, Jitendra Shah (Task Team Leader), Jema Sy, Luiz Claudio Tavares, Josefo Tuyor, Elizabeth Verzola, Divina Gracia Verzosa, and Maya G. Villaluz. The document was peer reviewed by Messrs. David A. Howarth, Keith Robert A. Oblitas, L. Panneer Selvam, and David R. Wheeler of The World Bank. Comments and information provided by the World Bank staff including Mdmes./Messrs., Bhuvan Bhatnagar, Chris Hoban, Magda Lovei, and Robert Vance Pulley along with inputs from Honorable Secretary Environment Elisea (Bebet) Gozun are gratefully acknowledged. Ms. Lourdes Anducta coordinated the cover design, layout, and production. Mr. Jeffrey Lecksell prepared the map. Photographs, including the cover page, were obtained from LLDA, USAID, and Christopher Ancheta are acknowledged. The document was printed at CGKformaprint, Inc., Metro Manila, Philippines. Mdmes./Messrs. Jose Eric Maglanque, Leonora Gonzales, Anissa Tria, and Charito Cabalang are responsible for dissemination. The views expressed in the Philippines Environment Monitor are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. The material contained herein has been obtained from sources believed reliable, but it is not necessarily complete and cannot be guaranteed. Philippines Environment Monitor 2003 Philippines Environment Monitor 2003 PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES -- ATAT AA GLANCEGLANCE TABLETABLE OFOF CONTENTSCONTENTS GEOGRAPHY ECONOMY / SOCIETY Preface i ○○○○ Area: total:....................................................300,000 km2 GDP:............................................................. 4,022.7B (2002) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ land:....................................................298,170 km2 GDP growth rate:.........................................real 4.4% (2002) Abbreviations and Acronyms ii ○○○○ water:..................................................1,830 km2 GDP - composition by sector: (2002) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Boundaries: North: Balintang Channel agriculture:......................................................14.7% Executive Summary iii ○○○○ South: Sulu and Celebes Seas industry:..........................................................32.5% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ East: Philippine Sea/Pacific Ocean services:..........................................................52.8% Water Quality Hot Spots iv ○○○○ West: South China Sea Inflation rate - consumer price index:..............................3.1 % ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Coastline: ...........................................................36,289 km Unemployment rate:.....................................................11.4 % Philippines Water Quality at a Glance v ○○○○ Maritime claims: Total territorial water area incl. Gross Domestic Investment/GDP:...................................19.3% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Economic Zone:....................................2,200,000 km2 Exports of goods and services GDP:.............................. 48.9% 2 Gross domestic savings/GDP:........................................19.5% Water Resources, Quality, and Availability 1 ○○○○ Coastal:...............................................266,000 km ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Oceanic:..............................................1,934,000 km2 Gross national savings/GDP:.........................................26.8% Continental shelf area:..........................184,600 km2 Industrial growth rate :....................................................3.7% Sources of Water Pollution 7 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Climate: tropical: northeast monsoon (Nov. to April); Agriculture growth rate:..................................................3.3% southwest monsoon (May to October) Agriculture-products: rice, coconut, corn, sugarcane, banana, Critical Regions 10 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to pineapple, mango, pork, eggs. beef, fish extensive coastal lowlands Merchandise Exports: total value:.....................PhP1,786 B Effects and Economic Losses 17 ○○○○ Elevation: lowest point:..................................Philippine Sea 0 m Merchandise Imports: total value:.....................PhP1,989 B ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ highest point:..................................Mt. Apo 2,954 m Exchange Rate: 1 USD = 55.75 Philippine Peso, January 7, 2004 Policies and Institutions 21 ○○○○ Natural resources: timber, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, Population:................................................76.5 million (2000) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ copper, petroleum Population growth rate:..................................................2.36% Urban Sanitation and Sewerage 24 ○○○○ Land use: arable land:.........................................19% Urban population (% of total population): .........................56.9 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ permanent crops:..................................12% Birth rate:..................................29.5/1,000 population (1998) Investment Requirements for Sewerage and Sanitation 28 ○○○○ permanent pastures:.............................. 4% Death rate:..................................6.3/1,000 population (1998) ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ forest & wetlands:.................................46% Infant mortality rate:.....................48.9/1,000 live birth (1998) Challenges 32 ○○○○ others:.................................................19% Access to safe water (% of population):..............................79% ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Environment - International agreements: Access to sanitation (% of population):..........................74.22% party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, Life expectancy at birth:...........................................67.4 years Annex 1: Hot Spots and Methodology for Rating 34 Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Literacy (total population):..............................................94.6% Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Biodiversity, Elementary enrollment participation rate:.........................97% Water Quality and Quantity Scorecards 35 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Wetlands, Whaling National capital:...........................................................Manila Administrative divisions:.....................17 regions, 80 provinces Relevant Websites 39 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Independence:...................................................June 12, 1898 Glossary of Terms 40 ○○○○ Source: National Statistics Office, National Economic and Development Authority, Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2001-2004, ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 2001 Philippine Fisheries Profile, Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, 2000 Philippines Statistical Yearbook-National Statistical Coordination Board, World Development Indicator 2000. Acknowledgements 41 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Philippines at a Glance 42 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 42 Philippines Environment Monitor 2003 Philippines Environment Monitor 2003 PREFACEPREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Philippines Environment Monitor series has been providing a snapshot of key environmental trends and indicators in This Environment Monitor 2003 on water quality is a joint effort of several government agencies and private sector and civil the country for the past four years. Its aim is to inform stakeholders of key environmental changes and challenges in a simple society organizations at both the national and local levels. The valuable contributions of people who provided