Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies (40S) A Course for Independent Study Field Validation Version Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies (40S) A Course for Independent Study Field Validation Version 2019 Manitoba Education Manitoba Education Cataloguing in Publication Data Grade 12 current topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit studies (40S) : a course for independent study—Field validation version Includes bibliographical references. This resource is available in print and electronic formats. ISBN: 978-0-7711-7913-6 (print) ISBN: 978-0-7711-7914-3 (pdf) 1. Native peoples—Study and teaching (Secondary)—Manitoba. 2. Indigenous peoples—Study and teaching (Secondary)—Manitoba— Programmed instruction. 3. Indigenous peoples—Study and teaching (Secondary)—Manitoba. 4. Inuit—Study and teaching (Secondary)—Manitoba—Programmed instruction. 5. Métis—Study and teaching—(Secondary)—Manitoba—Programmed instruction. 6. Distance education—Manitoba. 7. Correspondence schools and courses—Manitoba. I. Manitoba. Manitoba Education. 971.00497 Copyright © 2019, the Government of Manitoba, represented by the Minister of Education. Manitoba Education Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please notify Manitoba Education. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors, artists, and publishers who allowed their original material to be used. All images found in this resource are copyright protected and should not be extracted, accessed, or reproduced for any purpose other than for their intended educational use in this resource. Websites are subject to change without notice. While the department is committed to making its publications as accessible as possible, some parts of this document are not fully accessible at this time. Available in alternate formats upon request. Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 Overview 1 What Will You Learn in This Course? 1 How Is This Course Organized? 2 What Resources Will You Need for This Course? 4 Sensitive Content 6 Who Can Help You with This Course? 6 How Will You Know How Well You Are Learning? 11 How Much Time Will You Need to Complete This Course? 13 When and How Will You Submit Completed Assignments? 15 Oskinikiw’s Blog 17 What Are the Guide Graphics For? 17 Module Cover Sheets 19 Module 1: Image and Identity 1 Introduction 3 Lesson 1: Culture and Identity 5 Lesson 2: The Ghosts of History 13 Lesson 3: Identity—From Time Immemorial 35 Assignment 1.1: Exploring Pimatisiwin: The Medicine Wheel 55 Lesson 4: Worlds Colliding 61 Assignment 1.2: Exploring Cultural Representations 81 Module 1 Summary 91 Module 1 References 93 Module 1 Learning Activity Answer Key Contents iii Module 2: A Profound Ambivalence: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Relations with Government 1 Introduction 3 Lesson 1: Nation-to-Nation Relations 5 Lesson 2: The French Métis and the Anglo-Métis 23 Assignment 2.1: The Métis Nation 33 Lesson 3: As Long as the Rivers Flow: The Numbered Treaties 39 Lesson 4: Legislated Discrimination: The Indian Act 55 Lesson 5: Defining Our Place: Land Claims 71 Lesson 6: Defining Our Place: Self-Determination 87 Assignment 2.2: Treaties, the Indian Act, and Self-Determination 103 Module 2 Summary 107 Module 2 References 109 Module 2 Learning Activity Answer Key Module 3: Toward a Just Society: Social Justice Issues 1 Introduction 3 Lesson 1: Poverty 5 Assignment 3.1: Poverty 11 Lesson 2: Education 27 Lesson 3: Health: Living in Balance 47 Lesson 4: Justice and the Legal System 65 Lesson 5: Economy and Resource Development 81 Assignment 3.2: Social Justice Issues 91 Bonus Lesson: How to be an Indigenous Ally 95 Module 3 Summary 97 Module 3 References 99 Module 3 Learning Activity Answer Key iv Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies Module 4: Indigenous Peoples of the World 1 Introduction 3 Lesson 1: One World 5 Assignment 4.1: Indigenous Peoples of the World 19 Module 4 Summary 31 Module 4 References 33 Module 5: Taking a Stand and Taking Action 1 Introduction 3 Lesson 1: Looking Forward, Looking Back 5 Assignment 5.1: Taking a Stand and Taking Action 7 Lesson 2: Examination Preparation 61 Module 5 Summary 67 Module 5 References 69 Appendices 1 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms 3 Appendix B: Resources 11 Contents v Acknowledgements Manitoba Education gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies (40S): A Course for Independent Study, Field Validation Version. Course Writers Leigh Brown Children of the Earth High School Winnipeg School Division Michelle Levesque St. Laurent School Prairie Rose School Division Manitoba Education Louise Boissonneault Document Production Services Unit Staff Coordinator Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Kiara Down Learning Support and Technology Unit Instructional Design Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Assistant John Finch Learning Support and Technology Unit Coordinator Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Gilles Landry Learning Support and Technology Unit Project Manager Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Grant Moore Document Production Services Unit Publications Editor Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Tania Munroe Early Childhood and Development Unit First Nations, Métis, Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch and Inuit Perspectives Consultant Audrey North Early Childhood and Development Unit Aboriginal Languages Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Consultant Cyril Parent Document Production Services Unit Desktop Publisher Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Greg Pruden Learning Support and Technology Unit Project Leader Instruction, Curriculum and Assessment Branch Acknowledgements vii Introduction Overview Welcome to Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies! This course will describe the exploration of the histories, traditions, cultures, worldviews, and current issues of Indigenous Peoples in Canada and worldwide. You will gain knowledge and develop values and skills in critical thinking, communication, analysis, and inquiry. These values and skills will help you better understand past and present realities of Indigenous Peoples. Exploration of topics such as self-determination, language and cultural reclamation, and self-government allow you to understand and appreciate a decolonized future, as envisioned by First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples. As a student enrolled in an independent study course, you have taken on a dual role—that of a student and a teacher. As a student, you are responsible for mastering the lessons and completing the learning activities and assignments. As a teacher, you are responsible for checking your work carefully, noting areas in which you need to improve, and motivating yourself to succeed. What Will You Learn in This Course? In this course, you will explore the histories, traditions, cultures, worldviews, and contemporary issues of Indigenous peoples in Canada and worldwide. You will gain knowledge and develop the values, as well as the critical thinking, communication, analytical, and inquiry skills, that will enable you to better understand past and present realities of Indigenous peoples. You will also explore topics such as self-determination, self-government, and language and cultural reclamation, that will allow you to understand and work towards the post-colonial future envisioned by Indigenous peoples. Introduction 1 How Is This Course Organized? In each lesson, you will read notes and then complete a learning activity or assignment. Some lessons may give you the option to do some investigative research on the Internet or at a library. This course consists of the following five modules: Q Module 1: Image and Identity Q Module 2: A Profound Ambivalence: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Relations with Government Q Module 3: Toward a Just Society: Social Justice Issues Q Module 4: Indigenous Peoples of the World Q Module 5: Taking a Stand and Taking Action Within each module are lessons and learning activities based on Essential Questions and Enduring Understandings. The following Essential Questions are listed at the beginning of each lesson, as they are dealt with in the course. 1. How do you see and relate to the world? 2. How do Indigenous Peoples see and relate to the world? 3. What are the issues facing First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people in Canada today? Why should these issues matter to all Canadians? 4. Who are the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit of Canada? 5. What is the popular image of Indigenous Peoples in contemporary Canada? 6. How would you describe the relationship that existed among Indigenous nations and between Indigenous nations and the European newcomers in the era of the fur trade and the pre-Confederation treaties? 7. Who are the French Métis and the Anglo-Métis? 8. What is the meaning and significance of the statement: “We are all treaty people”? 9. What impact did the Indian Act have on the autonomy of status Indians? 10. How have First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples attempted to regain their status as self-determining nations through land claims, recognition of treaty and Aboriginal rights, and the pursuit of self-government? 11. How did colonization challenge traditional education for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit