Livestock Technologies way to diversified agriculture Animal Science Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Bhawan. New Oelhi-110 001 ¥-OCA& The Cherished Reminiscence from the Mist of History: Rastrapita Mahatma Gandhi & Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya at SRS NDRI, Bangalore in 1927 Livestock Technologies way to diversified agriculture Editorial Board K.M.L. Pathak - Chairman C.S. Prasad - Member Gaya Prasad - Member S.C. Gupta - Member B.S. Prakash - Member A. Sanyal - Member J.K. Biswal - Member Rajeev Ranjan - Member Vineet Bhasin - Member Rajan Gupta - Member Jyoti Misri - Member Neelam Gupta - Member ¥m!P3r.!!I ICAR Animal Science Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi -110 001 Printed : July, 2012 Project Director, DKMA : Dr D K Agarwal Chief Production Officer : Dr V K Bharti Technical Officer : Punit Bhasin © All Rights Reserved 2012 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Published by Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA) Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-I PUSA, New Delhi. 110 012 Printed at M/s Royal Offset Printers A-89/1, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase I, New Delhi 110 028 Hkkjr ljdkj Ñf"k vuqla/ku vkSj f'k{kk foHkkx ,oa Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/ku ifj"kn Ñf"k ea=kky;] Ñf"k Hkou] ubZ fnYYkh 110 001 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION AND Mk- ,l- vÕ;Iiu INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH lfpo ,oa egkfuns'kd MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI 110 001 Dr. S. AYYAPPAN Tel.: 23382629; 23386711 Fax: 91-11-23384773 SECRETARY & DIRECTOR GENERAL E-mail: [email protected] Foreword Our livestock diversity accords a cogent contribution to the national exchequer to weave rich wealth for multifaceted development of rural India. The troika of ‘animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries’ has been pivotal in building tapestry for income generation and social transformation midst the weaker economic and nutritional spectrum of society. Significantly, it has provided livelihood support and empowered women. It has accelerated a ‘paradigm shift’ through vital alterations in sustainable geo-topography, social integration and assured consumer market economy. The binary global metamorphosis of ‘barrier-free’ trade and ‘climate-change’ has redefined the importance of livestock farming systems. This ‘win-win’ situation summons synchronization of ‘cutting edge’ research technologies in assisted livestock improvement through breeding, feeding, management and health care. The product delivery conduit challenges on value addition, processing and effective door-step delivery from ‘barn to basket’ under stringent quality norms. The Animal Science Division of the ICAR orchestrates research modules of eighteen establishments mandated on various missions for ‘need based’ criteria of emerging challenges that focuses on livestock and poultry sectors. It drafts and augments assured fortifications to equip the country for contingencies and sustainability to equilibrate global postulates. The genre of ‘Animal Science Division’ has excelled in objective deliverance in myriad frontiers through trained manpower and ‘state of the art’ resources to achieve the ICAR initiative on ‘Farmer First’. This compilation is an archive on salient edicts, technologies formulated, products generated, elite germplasm conserved and sequential dissemination to the stake holder. This information charter, re-affirm my convictions for its indispensability to policy planners, entrepreneurs, researchers, veterinarians and extension personnel. I compliment the Animal Science Division and the team of Directors for bringing out such a useful document. Dated: July 8, 2012 (S. Ayyappan) New Delhi Livestock Technologies Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/ku ifj"kn Ñf"k Hkou] Mk- jktsUæ izlkn ekxZ ubZ fnYyh 110 001 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH KRISHI BHAWAN, DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ROAD NEW DELHI 110 001 Tel.: 23381119 Fax: 91-11-23097001 izks- Ñ".k eqjkjh yky ikBd E-mail: [email protected] miegkfuns'kd (i'kq foKku) PROF. K.M.L. PATHAK DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL (Animal Science) Prologue India has the pride of being endowed with the world’s widest diversity of livestock distributed over 100 million households fanned across 6, 00,000 villages. The livestock census (2007) registers strength of 529.7 million livestock and 648 million poultry, almost close to the human population of 1.2 billion with global credits of ‘number one’ in bovines, second and third in caprine and ovine domains, respectively. National Livestock Scenario Livestock sector is a prime component of India’s agrarian economy providing food and nutritional security and livelihood. Its ownership is highly egalitarian, with proven growth- accentuating and poverty-alleviation helping the marginal and small farmers. This paradigm of national livestock sector is proliferating vis-à-vis complying with the global dynamism of ushering the socio-economic, environmental and technological forces. The national livestock treasure includes 199.1 million cattle, 105.3 million buffaloes, 71.5 million sheep, 140.5 million goats, 11.3 million pigs, 0.26 million mithuns, 0.08 million yaks. India is the world leader with the current milk production of 112.5 million tonnes (2009-2010), contributing about 5.3 per cent to India’s agricultural GDP, fuelling the growth engine of this sector. Further, sheep, goats, pigs, and buffaloes contribute to meat production. The vibrancy of poultry industry is evident from annual production of about 55 billion eggs and 2.3 million tonnes of chicken meat. The country prides 0.52 million versatile camels, boosting commercial tourism besides draft and milk. The contribution of livestock sector was Rs. 1702 billion with an overall contribution of 3.26 % to National GDP and over 27% to the agricultural GDP (2009-10), with upwards acceleration in future. It is imperative that national livestock looks beyond the food security to draught power, manure and fuel. Since time immemorial, India has fostered a tradition of keeping milch animals as part of the farming household. Buffalo and cow and, to a limited extent, goat are the main milch animals in the Indian subcontinent. With an annual production of 108 million tons of milk, 65 per cent of v Livestock Technologies which is produced by buffaloes, and a national herd of 113 million head of cattle/ buffaloes, India is the world’s largest milk-producing country. Some 75 million dairy farming households, with an average of 1.5 adult female cows or buffaloes per farm, are engaged in the sector each producing about 4 litres of milk per farm/day (2010-11). The contribution of goat in milk production is 3 per cent to India’s total milk output. The milk produced by camel, yak, sheep and mithun is also used as raw or value added products in their respective breeding tracts. Yak is the only source of milk above Himalayan snowline. Indigenous breeds of cattle like Gir, Rathi, Kankrej and Tharparkar have potential to produce about 2500 liters milk per lactation. Following independence, though elite milch breeding tracts of Sahiwal and Red Sindhi were geographically lost, India preserves high valued germplasm with select farmers and NGOs. Greater emphasis is given to harvest the great genetic variation in the milk yield for the improvement of dairy characteristics using appropriate breeding strategies. The coverage of regular health care, feeding and management, insurance schemes, technical advice and marketing expertise must percolate to the grassroots through extension agencies of the various governmental and social agencies to affect a paradigm to realise the per capita ‘quality’ milk to every Indian as per WHO standards. The livestock sector has inherent limitations due to low production, poor reproductive potential, limited feed and fodder resources, inadequate health cover and unbridled strength of numbers- collectively leading to meager productivity on reckoning standards. This scroll cascades comprehensive annals about the ICAR research institutes in animal sciences, strengths in terms of facilities and capabilities, improved germplasm developed over the years, technologies and methodologies developed and transformed for adoption. It visualizes feedbacks of these proven technology conduits on replication and upscaling for the varied spectrum of stakeholders. Dairy Sector Dairying in India glimpses a monumental success saga of effective synchronized endeavour of Government programmes, developmental agencies and milk producer unions after independence. Milk production in India increased from 17 million tons in 1950-51 to 112.2 million tons in 2010-11. India has rapidly positioned itself as the world’s largest producer of milk. The per capita availability of milk, which declined during the 1950s and 1960s (from 124 gm per day in 1950--51 to 121 gm in 1973-74) expanded substantially during the 1980s Animal Production Trends-Impact of Research vi Livestock Technologies and 1990s and reached about 226 gm per day in 2001-02, which is now around 263 gm per day against the world average of 285 gm per day. This has been achieved through concerted efforts of dairy cooperatives and the technology backstopping by the NARS. The spurt in milk production due to R & D efforts could very well be visualized over the years. This ‘giant leap forward’ was realized through an increase in lactating The growth trends in milk production and per capita bovine population by triumvirate co- availability in last sixty years ordination of improved livestock