ALASKA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION 2018 Annual Report November 1, 2018 Executive Summary i Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... v I. Introduction/Background .................................................................................................................... 1 II. Recommendations to Improve the Criminal Justice System .............................................................. 2 A. Recommendations Related to the Behavioral Health System .......................................................... 3 B. Recommendations Related to Sentencing ........................................................................................ 6 C. Recommendations Related to Barriers to Reentry ........................................................................... 9 D. Previous Reports ............................................................................................................................. 12 III. Criminal Justice Reform Implementation Data ............................................................................. 14 A. The Prison Population ..................................................................................................................... 14 B. The Pretrial Population ................................................................................................................... 24 C. Parole and Probation Supervision................................................................................................... 31 D. New Parole Procedures and Expanded Parole Eligibility ................................................................ 37 IV. Crime Rates, Drugs, Budget Cuts and Arrests ............................................................................... 39 A. Crime Rates ..................................................................................................................................... 39 B. Opioid Use ....................................................................................................................................... 45 C. Sworn Officers, Arrest Rates and Criminal Case Filings .................................................................. 48 V. Reinvestment ..................................................................................................................................... 51 A. Reinvestment in substance abuse treatment at DOC ..................................................................... 52 B. Reinvestment in Violence Prevention ............................................................................................. 54 C. Reinvestment in Reentry Planning and Services ............................................................................. 56 D. Funding for Implementation ........................................................................................................... 58 VI. Savings and Recommendations for Reinvestment ....................................................................... 60 A. Analysis of Savings from Criminal Justice Reforms ......................................................................... 60 B. Recommendations for Reinvestment ............................................................................................. 63 VII. Conclusions and Future Projects .................................................................................................... 70 Appendix A: Organization Appendix B: Commission Members Appendix C: Commission Recommendations to Date Appendix D: Behavioral Health Recommendations Appendix E: Sentencing Recommendations Appendix F: Redaction Recommendation Appendix G: Practitioner’s Guide to Criminal Justice Reform ALASKA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION 2018 Annual Report Executive Summary ii Appendix H: Victims Roundtable Report, 2015 Appendix I: CDVSA Report Appendix J: Materials on the Pretrial Risk Assessment from DOC Appendix K: List of Justice Reinvestment States and Their Reforms ALASKA CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION 2018 Annual Report Executive Summary iii Index of Figures Figure 1: Daily Prison Population for Pretrial and Sentenced Inmates ......................................................... v Figure 2: Drug Admissions for Pretrial Defendants and Sentenced Offenders ........................................... vi Figure 3: Successful Probation and Parole Discharges .............................................................................. viii Figure 4: Property Crime Rates, Anchorage, Juneau & Fairbanks ................................................................ x Figure 5: Prison Population, 2010-2018 ...................................................................................................... 15 Figure 6: Total Admissions to Prison by Quarter ........................................................................................ 17 Figure 7: Average Sentence Length in Days ................................................................................................ 18 Figure 8: Legal Status of Inmates FY15 ....................................................................................................... 19 Figure 9: Legal Status of Inmates FY18 ....................................................................................................... 19 Figure 10: Daily Prison Population for Pretrial and Sentenced Inmates ..................................................... 20 Figure 11: Sentenced Misdemeanor Nonviolent Prison Snapshot ............................................................. 20 Figure 12: Admissions, Violent and Nonviolent .......................................................................................... 21 Figure 13: Drug Admissions, Pretrial Defendants and Sentenced Offenders ............................................. 22 Figure 14: Theft Admissions by Severity ..................................................................................................... 23 Figure 15: Pretrial Admissions .................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 16: Successful Probation and Parole Discharges ............................................................................. 32 Figure 17: Probation Population Change by Risk Level............................................................................... 32 Figure 18: Probation Snapshot at Start of Quarter, Violent and Nonviolent ............................................. 33 Figure 19: Average Statewide Probation Office Caseload .......................................................................... 33 Figure 20: Petitions to Revoke Probation and/or Parole ............................................................................ 35 Figure 21: Average Lengths of Stay for Probation and Parole Violations ................................................... 36 Figure 22: Share of Probation Violators in Prison ....................................................................................... 36 Figure 23: Discretionary Parole Hearings .................................................................................................... 37 Figure 24: Outcomes of Discretionary Parole Hearings .............................................................................. 38 Figure 25: Violent Crime Trend, Alaska ....................................................................................................... 39 Figure 26: Property Crime Trend, Alaska .................................................................................................... 40 Figure 27: Burglary Crime Trend, Alaska ..................................................................................................... 41 Figure 28: Motor Vehicle Theft Crime Trend, Alaska .................................................................................. 42 Figure 29: Larceny-Theft Crime Trend, Alaska ............................................................................................ 42 Figure 30: Property Crime Rates, Anchorage, Juneau & Fairbanks ............................................................ 43 Figure 31: Violent Crime Rates, Anchorage, Juneau & Fairbanks ............................................................... 43 Figure 32: Burglary Crime Rates, Anchorage, 2003-2017 ........................................................................... 44 Figure 33: Burglary Crime Rates, Juneau, 2003-2017 ................................................................................. 44 Figure 34: Burglary Crime Rates, Fairbanks, 2003-2017 ............................................................................. 44 Figure 35: Number of Opioid Overdose Deaths, Alaska ............................................................................. 45 Figure 36: Rate of Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations, Alaska ..................................................................... 46 Figure 37: Rates of Hospital Care Associated with All Opioids, Alaska ....................................................... 46 Figure 38: Violent Crimes Reported vs. Arrested, Alaska, 2013-2017 ........................................................ 48 Figure 39: Property Crimes Reported vs. Arrested, Alaska ......................................................................... 49 Figure 40: Court Case Filings ......................................................................................................................