Jupiter System Observer Mission Study: FINAL REPORT Task Order #NMO710851 01 November 2007 D-41284 2007 JUPITER SYSTEM OBSERVER MISSION STUDY: FINAL REPORT 01 NOVEMBER 2007 Task Order #NMO710851 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents FACT SHEET.............................................................................................................................v 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................1-1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Study Approach ................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Science Definition.............................................................................................1-1 1.4 Architecture Development ................................................................................1-2 1.5 Mission Concept ...............................................................................................1-3 1.6 Planning Payload ..............................................................................................1-3 1.7 Spacecraft.........................................................................................................1-3 1.8 Project Implementation.....................................................................................1-4 1.9 Conclusion........................................................................................................1-4 2.0 JUPITER SYSTEM SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES......................................2-1 2.1 Introduction: The Jovian System.......................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Science Traceability ..........................................................................2-3 2.1.2 JSO SDT Science Strategy and Structure...........................................2-3 2.2 Science Background, Goals, and Objectives......................................................2-5 2.2.1 The Jovian Atmosphere.....................................................................2-5 2.2.2 The Jovian Magnetosphere ..............................................................2-10 2.2.3 Io Torus...........................................................................................2-13 2.2.4 Galilean Satellites—Surfaces and Interiors ......................................2-14 2.3 Scientific Advancement Achieved by JSO ......................................................2-27 3.0 MISSION ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT .............................................................3-1 3.1 Discriminating Architectural Elements..............................................................3-1 3.2 Preliminary Mission Architectures Selection.....................................................3-1 3.3 Intermediate Mission Architectures Selection ...................................................3-2 3.3.1 Jovian Tour .......................................................................................3-2 3.3.2 Sub-Satellite......................................................................................3-2 3.3.3 Low Inclination (< 40°) Orbit............................................................3-3 3.3.4 Intermediate Four Architectures.........................................................3-3 3.4 Final Mission Architectures Selection...............................................................3-3 3.4.1 Cost Comparison ...............................................................................3-4 3.4.2 Optical System Aperture....................................................................3-4 3.4.3 Jupiter Deep Entry Probe...................................................................3-6 3.4.4 Selection Criteria...............................................................................3-7 3.4.5 Final Two Architectures ....................................................................3-8 4.0 MISSION CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION...............................................................4-1 4.1 Mission Architecture Overview.........................................................................4-1 4.2 Science Investigation ........................................................................................4-2 4.2.1 Planning Payload...............................................................................4-4 4.2.2 Payload Accommodation...................................................................4-4 i 01 NOVEMBER 2007 2007 JUPITER SYSTEM OBSERVER MISSION STUDY: FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Task Order #NMO710851 4.2.3 Instrument Descriptions.....................................................................4-6 4.3 Mission Design Overview...............................................................................4-14 4.3.1 Interplanetary Trajectory .................................................................4-15 4.4 Bus Design and Development .........................................................................4-20 4.4.1 Spacecraft Overview .......................................................................4-20 4.4.2 Systems Design Approach ...............................................................4-22 4.4.3 Subsystem Descriptions...................................................................4-28 4.4.4 Verification and Validation..............................................................4-41 4.5 Operational Scenarios .....................................................................................4-43 4.5.1 Overcoming the Challenges of Operating in the Jovian System .......4-43 4.5.2 Mission Overview ...........................................................................4-44 4.5.3 Science Data Acquisition Scenarios.................................................4-49 4.6 JSO Planetary Protection.................................................................................4-57 4.6.1 Requirements ..................................................................................4-57 4.6.2 Implementation ...............................................................................4-58 4.6.3 Probability of Transport to the Ganymedan Sub-Surface..................4-58 4.7 Trades and Open Issues...................................................................................4-59 4.7.1 Descope Options and Floor Mission ................................................4-59 4.7.2 Lagrange Point Dynamics................................................................4-59 4.7.3 Radiation System Design.................................................................4-60 4.7.4 Radiation Environment Estimation ..................................................4-60 4.7.5 Ganymede Approach Trajectory......................................................4-60 4.7.6 Radio Science Capability.................................................................4-60 4.7.7 Radiation Monitoring System ..........................................................4-60 4.7.8 Monopulse Pointing ........................................................................4-60 4.7.9 X-Band Downlink...........................................................................4-60 4.8 Technology Needs ..........................................................................................4-60 4.8.1 Radiation Tolerant Sensor Design....................................................4-60 4.8.2 Radiation Tolerant Electronic Design ..............................................4-61 4.8.3 Qualification of Propulsion System .................................................4-61 4.9 Technical Risk Assessment.............................................................................4-62 4.10 Programmatics................................................................................................4-64 4.10.1 Schedule..........................................................................................4-64 4.10.2 Cost.................................................................................................4-66 4.10.3 NEPA Compliance and Launch Approval........................................4-66 5. DESCOPED MISSION IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................5-1 5.1 Mission Architecture Overview.........................................................................5-1 5.2 Science Investigation ........................................................................................5-1 5.2.1 Planning Payload...............................................................................5-1 5.2.2 Payload Accommodation...................................................................5-1 5.2.3 Instrument Description ......................................................................5-1 5.3 Mission Design .................................................................................................5-1 5.4 Spacecraft Design and Development.................................................................5-1 ii 2007 JUPITER SYSTEM OBSERVER MISSION STUDY: FINAL REPORT 01 NOVEMBER 2007 Task Order #NMO710851 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.4.1 Spacecraft Overview .........................................................................5-1 5.4.2 System Design Approach...................................................................5-2 5.4.3 Subsystem Descriptions.....................................................................5-3 5.4.4 Verification and Validation................................................................5-4 5.5 Operational