INTERNATIONACERL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGNY PHYSIC S COURIER VOLUME 45 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 2005 LABORATORIES FREDHOYLE LAKE BAIKAL SLAC reorganizes The life of a pioneer in The next step towards forthe future p6 nuclear astrophysics pl5 higher energies p24 Linde Kryotechnik AG & Linde BOC Process Plants LLC 4.5K Helium Coldbox for the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL Coldbox in final stage of fabrication at the Linde shop in Coldbox ready to load on special the Port of Catoosa, Oklahoma, USA low clearance trailer Coldbox in operation at the SNS Central Helium Liquefier Linde KyotechnikAG Phone:+41 (0)52 304 05 55 Linde BOC Process Plants LLC Phone:+1 918 250 8522 DaettlikonerstrasseS Fax: +41 (0)52 304 05 50 Cryogenic Plants and Services Fax: +1 918 250 6915 CH-8422 Pfungen Email: [email protected] 3522 East 61st Street [email protected] Switzerland www.linde-kryotechmk.ch Tulsa, OK 74133-1923/USA www.lindebocpp.com X-ftaqr Oefecfor Digital Puke Processor XR-tOOCR at 149 eV FWHM Resolution No Liquid Nitrogen PX4 Solid State Design Digital Pulse Processor Power Supply Easy to Use Shaping Amplifier Low Cost MCA Features APPLICATIONS • Trapezoidal shaping to reduce • Nuclear Physics ballistic deficit • Synchroton Radiation • Wide range of shaping time settings • High Energy Physics • High count rate capability • Neutron Experiments • High throughput • Astrophysics • MCA with 8 k channels • Research & Teaching • High energy resolution • Nuclear Medicine • Excellent pile-up rejection • X-Ray Fluorescence • Enhanced stability • USB interface XR100CR X~Ray Detector XR100CR fitted for vacuum • Software instrument control, data with P;X4 Digital Pulse applications Visit Us Now Processor, Power Supply, www.amptek.com acquisition and analysis Shaping Amplifier & MCA • Oscilloscope mode available AMPTEK Inc. 6 De Angelo Drive, Bedford, MA 01730-2204 USA • Compatible with all Amptek XR100 Tel: +1 (781) 275-2242 Fax: +1 (781) 275-3470 detectors and detectors of other E-mail: [email protected] www.amptek.com manufacturers CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. CERN Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (0)22 785 0247 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger VOLUME 45 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 2005 Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (US): D Ayres Brookhaven National Laboratory (US): PYamin Cornell University (US): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, Petra Folkerts Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Germany): G Siegert INFN (Italy): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (China): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (US): Steven Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US): Christine Celata Los Alamos National Laboratory (US): C Hoffmann SMC changes for the future p6 Seeing neutrinos from Siberia p24 Dragon meets physicist p34 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman News Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz — PPARC (UK): Peter Barratt CERN Council looks to strategy for European particle physics. DEAR pins PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle down kaonic hydrogen. SLAC reorganizes and prepares for next major Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci breakthroughs. Variation in weak force found by E158. Superconducting IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov cavities from single-crystal niobium could offer stability and lower costs. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (US): Neil Calder TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): Marcello Pavan Physicswatch _9 Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS16BE, UK Astrowatch 10 Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481; E-mail: [email protected]; Web: iop.org Publishing director Richard Roe CERN Courier Archive li Publisher Jo Nicholas Art director Andrew Giaquinto Senior production editor Seth Burgess Features Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Lattice QCD and CLEO-c tackle the CP challenge 13 Display advertisement manager Jonathan Baron Recruitment advertisement manager Jayne Orsborn New results test the predictive powers of the lattice. Display sales Ed Jost and Helen Brook Recruitment and classified sales Yasmin Agilah and Moo AN Advertisement production Tanwen Haf, Katie Graham Fred Hoyle: pioneer in nuclear astrophysics 15 Product manager Claire Webber Simon Mitton tells the story behind a crucial discovery. Advertising Jonathan Baron, Ed Jost, Helen Brook, Jayne Orsborn, Yasmin Agilah or Moo Ali Thinking big: the next generation of detectors 18 Tel: +44 (0)117 930 1265 (for display advertising) or Alain de Bellefon reports from a recent meeting on mega-detectors for +44 (0)117 930 1196 (for recruitment advertising); E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 neutrinos and nucleon decay. General distribution Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] 40 great years of the Rencontres de Moriond 21 In certain countries, to request copies or to make address Ludwik Celnikier looks at this highly successful series of meetings. changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. E-mail: Telescope takes next step to high-energy frontier 24 [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 The Lake Baikal experiment extends its study of cosmic neutrinos. Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 27 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] ClearPET offers improved insight into animal brains UK Barrie Bunning, Library and Information Services Group, R61 Stefaan Tavernier describes a PET scanner for the small animal brain. Library, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon 0X11OQX, UK. E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, People 29 St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US. Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Recruitment 36 Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174, US Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, Bookshelf 43 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (0) 22 767 6111 Telefax: +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 Cover: The ZD inner drift chamber of the CLEO-c detector - an essential component of the CLE0 Printed by Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK collaboration's new measurements that test lattice QCD predictions for the decays of D mesons. The © 2005 CERN ISSN 0304-288X two rings of light are produced by the wires of the ZD, which are all at angles to the axis, alternating positive and negative. These "stereo" wires provide measurements of the z-coordinates of tracks close to the interaction point. The ZD has six layers of sense wires within an outer diameter of about 23 cm and the length is about 74 cm. The sensitive volume covers 93% of the solid angle. 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