Air Force Chief of Staff Gen John P. Jumper Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Donald G. Cook http://www.af.mil Commander, Air University Lt Gen John F. Regni Commander, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education Col Randal D. Fullhart Editor Lt Col Paul D. Berg http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Senior Editor Lt Col Malcolm D. Grimes Associate Editor Maj Donald R. Ferguson Editor and Military Defense Analyst Col Larry Carter, USAF, Retired Professional Staff Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor http://www.au.af.mil Philip S. Adkins, Contributing Editor Mary J. Moore, Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager Air and Space Power Chronicles Luetwinder T. Eaves, Managing Editor http://www.cadre.maxwell.af.mil The Air and Space Power Journal, published quarterly, is the professional flagship publication of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innova­ tive thinking on military doctrine, strategy, tactics, force structure, readiness, and other matters of na­ tional defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanc­ tion of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or Visit Air and Space Power Journal online in part without permission. If they are reproduced, at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. or e-mail to [email protected] Fall 2004 Volume XVIII, No. 3 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspective Leadership from Flight Level 390 . 5 Gen Robert H. “Doc” Foglesong, USAF Features The US National Security Strategy of 2002: A New Use-of-Force Doctrine? . 31 Lt Col Arnel B. Enriquez, USAF Global Air Mobility and Persistent Airpower Operations . 41 James Michael Snead, P.E. Airpower 101: An Expeditionary Air Base Model . 54 Col John Dobbins, USAF Sharpening the Eagle’s Talons: Assessing Air Base Defense . 65 Maj David P. Briar, USAF Slow Airpower Assessment: A Cause for Concern? . 75 Lt Col Paul D. Berg, USAF Operation Summit CAP: Enabling New NATO Members to Meet New Threats . 85 Col James R. Smith, USAF Departments Prelaunch Notes Our Board of Reviewers—Unsung Heroes . 11 Flight Lines Recent Air and Space Power Operations . 12 Vortices Making Airpower Effective against Guerrillas . 13 Dr. Thomas R. Searle Defining Decentralized Execution in Order to Recognize Centralized Execution . 24 Lt Col Woody W. Parramore, USAF, Retired PIREP Gen Benjamin O. Davis Jr.: American Hero . 27 Col Alan Gropman, USAF, Retired Doctrine NOTAMs Revised USAF Doctrine Pub: AFDD 2-4.1, Force Protection . 64 Dr. John Reese Strategic Attack . 84 Charles Tustin Kamps Review Essay Boydmania . 98 Dr. David R. Mets Ira C. Eaker Award Winners . 109 Net Assessment The Pentagon’s New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century . 110 Thomas P. M. Barnett Reviewer: Col Randal D. Fullhart, USAF F-4 Phantom . 110 Martin W. Bowman Reviewer: Col (sel) Merrick E. Krause, USAF History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the War in Vietnam, 1969Ð1970 . 112 Willard J. Webb Reviewer: John C. Binkley Battle: A History of Combat and Culture from Ancient Greece to Modern America . 112 John A. Lynn Reviewer: Lt Col James P. Gates, USAF Over the Line: North Korea’s Negotiating Strategy . 114 Chuck Downs Reviewer: Col Anthony C. Cain, USAF The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: “August Storm” . 115 David M. Glantz Reviewer: Capt Gilles Van Nederveen, USAF, Retired Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: “August Storm” . 115 David M. Glantz Reviewer: Capt Gilles Van Nederveen, USAF, Retired Globalization and Maritime Power . 116 Sam J. Tangredi, ed. Reviewer: LCDR Paul Younes, USN Woodbine Red Leader: A P-51 Mustang Ace in the Mediterranean Theater . 117 George G. Loving Reviewer: Dr. Daniel R. Mortensen The Influence of Air Power upon History . 118 Walter J. Boyne Reviewer: Lt Col Paul D. Berg, USAF Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation-Building and a History Denied . 119 Toby Dodge Reviewer: Dr. John Albert The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan . 119 Jeffery J. Roberts Reviewer: Dr. John Albert Adak: The Rescue of Alfa Foxtrot 586 . 121 Andrew C. A. Jampoler Reviewer: Dr. David R. Mets Mastering the Ultimate High Ground: Next Steps in the Military Uses of Space . 122 Benjamin S. Lambeth Reviewer: 2d Lt Brent D. Ziarnick, USAF Mission Debrief . 126 Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers Prof. Tami Davis Biddle Lt Col Merrick E. Krause US Army War College Special Assistant to the Chairman, Lt Col Price T. Bingham, USAF, Retired Joint Chiefs of Staff Melbourne, Florida Dr. Charles Krupnick Brig Gen Phillip D. Caine, USAF, Retired US Army War College Monument, Colorado Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth RAND Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun US Army War College Lt Col David MacIsaac, USAF, Retired Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Mark Clodfelter National War College Dr. Karl P. Magyar Montgomery, Alabama Dr. James Corum USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Col Edward Mann, USAF, Retired Colorado Springs, Colorado Dr. Conrad Crane Director, US Army Military Studies Institute Dr. Jerome V. Martin Headquarters US Strategic Command/ Dr. Dik A. Daso Command Historian National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Col Phillip Meilinger, USAF, Retired Northrop Grumman Corporation Dr. Lee Dowdy Alabama State University Prof. John H. Morrow Jr. University of Georgia Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired Dr. Daniel Mortensen USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies USAF College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research Brig Gen Charles Dunlap Jr., USAF and Education Staff Judge Advocate Prof. James Mowbray USAF Air Combat Command USAF Air War College Dr. Stephen Fought Dr. Karl Mueller USAF Air War College RAND Col David M. Glantz, USA, Retired Dr. Richard R. Muller Journal of Slavic Military Studies USAF Air Command and Staff College Col Thomas E. Griffith Jr., USAF Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. Dr. Reina J. Pennington Ohio State University Norwich University Dr. Grant T. Hammond Dr. James Smith Center for Strategy and Technology USAF Institute for National Security Studies Air University Col James Spencer, USAF, Retired Prof. Daniel Hughes USAF Academy USAF Air War College Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Dr. Thomas Hughes Toffler Associates USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. James Titus Lt Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF USAF Academy Commander, 614th Space Operations Group and Fourteenth Air Force Director of Operations Col Mark Wells, USAF USAF Academy Dr. Tom Keaney School of Advanced International Studies Dr. Kenneth P. Werrell Johns Hopkins University Christiansburg, Virginia Prof. Theodore Kluz Dr. Harold R. Winton USAF Air War College USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies 4 APJ Leadership from Flight Level 390 GEN ROBERT H. “DOC” FOGLESONG, USAF OST OF THE time, the only vate them to accomplish some specified task, chance I have for quiet reflection such as increasing profits by 10 percent, build­ is at flight level 390—what a ing a skyscraper, putting a man on the moon, delight! So between crisp discus­ or winning the Super Bowl. Msions with some air-traffic agency, here’s what I have spent the past 30-plus years of my I think about the most important part of our life in the US Air Force for three principal jobs: leadership. reasons. First, I love America—it’s the great­ We don’t do much in life by ourselves. Car­ est country on the face of the planet. Second, rying out big tasks as well as seemingly small I love flying—there’s nothing like 480 knots. ones usually takes a team—and teams need Third, I love leading Airmen—I consider it a leaders. Leading is a hard thing to do—and privilege to work with them. even harder to do right. A glance at the front Recently, I had the opportunity to talk about page of any newspaper shows just how chal­ leadership with a group of Air Force Academy lenging it is. cadets. A recurring theme in our discussion Generally, we have very little patience for dealt with how leaders motivate their teams to bad leadership. Leaders are the first to go when accomplish their goals. I told them that was things turn south. That’s because they’re the essence of leadership—getting ordinary responsible for what happens in the organiza­ people to do extraordinary things. I told them tion. We hold our leaders to high standards. they would leave the academy with a fine tech­ We know it takes far more than a good nical education and would go on to be pilots, leader to get the job done, but a team will not engineers, computer experts, and the like, but succeed without effective leadership. It is a what they will really get paid to do is lead. critical component. The leader must pull Although I had good leadership-development together a group of diverse individuals from opportunities during my high school and uni­ various backgrounds with differing proficiency versity years, I was ill prepared to lead when I levels and experience. He or she must moti­ entered active duty. But over time, I began to 5 6 AIR & SPACE POWER JOURNAL FALL 2004 put together a set of skills that worked for me.