Renewable Heat Policy Best Practices Dr. Ute Collier Presentation to UNECE GERE, Geneva, 2 November 2017 © OECD/IEA 2016 © IEA 2017 UNECE lags behind in renewable heat Heat vs renewable heat consumption 2015, selected countries/regions Share of global total 100% 90% 80% 70% Renewable heat: 60% Biomass 50% Solar thermal 40% Geothermal Renewable electricity 30% 20% 10% 0% All heat Renewable heat EU US China UNECE18 Rest of World UNECE is 11% of global heat consumption but only 3% of renewable heat. Renewables account for only 3% of heat consumed in UNECE vs 9% global average. © IEA 2017 EU4Energy Kiev Policy Forum 25 September 2017 • Technology choice • Data challenges • Heat mapping • Case studies from: - EU approach - UK - Lithuania - Belarus - Georgia - Kazakhstan - Ukraine © IEA 2017 Some heat-related problems & opportunities in EU4Energy • Problems - Illegal wood cutting & non-renewable resource use - Indoor air pollution from inefficient wood and coal stoves - Urban air pollution from district heating plants (especially coal) - Energy inefficient buildings – lack of comfort • Opportunities - Agricultural residues - Household waste - Good geothermal potential (e.g. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan) © IEA 2017 Key barriers to renewable heat – EU4Energy countries • Higher capital costs & lack of finance • Inefficient buildings/district heating networks • Low gas, coal & electricity prices • (some countries) District heating dismantled • Lack of resource assessment (e.g. geothermal) • Lack of supply chain • Lack of consumer awareness © IEA 2017 Best practice examples from outside the region - Lithuania Fuel inputs into district heating 1997-2020 Switch to biomass driven by rising costs of imported natural gas. Good biomass resources and costs of local woodchip 50% that of natural gas. Facilitated by €127 EU Social Fund funding for upgrades & bio-CHP plants. © IEA 2017 Best practice examples from the UNECE region • Moldova – Energy and biomass programme (EU/UNDP, US$11.2mn phase 2, 2015-17): - Support for biomass boilers public buildings in rural communities/small towns - Capacity building and awareness raising • Georgia – 4 year UNDP/GEF funded (US$1mn) programme: - Biomass Strategy and Action Plan - Establishment of Association of Biomass Producers • Ukraine – Biomass to substitute imported natural gas - 1720 MWth new capacity (2014-16) - Heat tariffs for renewable sources (10% cheaper than gas) • Armenia – green leasing programme for solar water heating in SMEs © IEA 2017 Conclusions • There is unexploited potential for renewable heat in UNECE. The best options will vary from country to country and between localities. • Developments lag behind other countries/regions. • Some best practice examples but much more needed. • Some urgent problems need to be addressed, especially unsustainable wood use, indoor air pollution. © IEA 2017 Thank you! Спасибо! © IEA 2017.