Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of Middle and distal phalanges of lateral Extends lateral four digits and Extensor digitorum longus anterior surface of interosseous Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery Anterior leg four digits dorsiflexes foot at ankle membrane and fibula Middle part of anterior surface of fibula Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at Extensor hallucis longus Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery Anterior leg and interosseous membrane of great toe ankle Distal third of anterior surface of fibula Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in Fibularis peroneus tertius Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery Anterior leg and interosseous membrane eversion of foot Lateral condyle, proximal half of lateral Medial plantar surfaces of medial Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts Tibialis anterior Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery Anterior leg tibia, interosseous membrane cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal foot Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly Articularis genus Distal femur on anterior surface Suprapatellar bursa Femoral nerve Femoral artery Anterior thigh with extension of knee First tendon into dorsal surface of base Aids the extensor digitorum longus in Superolateral surface of calcaneus, Extensor digitorum brevis and of proximal phalanx of great toe; other 3 extending of 4 medial digits at the Dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal, arcuate, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, cruciate Deep fibular nerve Anterior thigh extensor hallucis brevis tendons into lateral sides of tendons of metatarsophalangeal and and fibular arteries crural ligament extensor digitorum longus to digits 2‐4 interphalangeal joints Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft Flexes thigh at hips and stabilizes hip Iliacus (Iliopsoas) Femoral nerve Iliac branches of iliolumbar artery Anterior thigh of sacrum, anterior sacro‐iliac ligaments inferior to it, to psoas major tendon joint, acts with psoas major Acting superiorly with iliacus, flexes Transverse processes of lumbar hip; acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral vertebrae, sides of bodies of T12–L5 Psoas major (Iliopsoas) Lesser trochanter of femur Ventral rami of first lumbar nerve column laterally; used to balance Lumbar branches of iliolumbar artery Anterior thigh vertebrae, intervening intervertebral trunk in sitting position; acting discs inferiorly with iliacus, flexes trunk Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity Extends leg at knee joint and flexes Profunda femoris and lateral Rectus femoris (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Anterior thigh superior to acetabulum via patellar ligament thigh at hip joint circumflex femoral arteries Anterior superior iliac spine and superior Abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes Sartorius Superior part of medial surface of tibia Femoral nerve Femoral artery Anterior thigh part of notch below it thigh; flexes knee joint Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity Lateral circumflex femoral and Vastus intermedius (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Anterior thigh femur via patellar ligament profunda femoris arteries Greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity Lateral circumflex femoral and Vastus lateralis (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Anterior thigh aspera of femur via patellar ligament profunda femoris arteries Intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity Femoral and profunda femoris Vastus medialis (quadriceps) Femoral nerve Extends leg at knee joint Anterior thigh aspera of femur via patellar ligament arteries Medial and lateral tubercles of Medial‐lateral plantar artery, plantar Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx Abductor digiti minimi tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar Lateral plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 5th digit metatarsal and plantar digital arteries Foot of 5th digit aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum to 5th digit Medial tubercle of tuberosity of Medial side of base of proximal phalanx Medial plantar and 1st plantar Abductor hallucis calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and Medial plantar nerve Abducts and flexes 1st digit Foot of 1st digit metatarsal arteries plantar aponeurosis Oblique head: bases of 2nd through 4th Medial and lateral plantar arteries metatarsals Tendons of both heads lateral to side of Adducts 1st digit, maintains Adductor hallucis Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal Foot Transverse head : ligaments of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit transverse arch of foot arteries metatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3‐5 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, flex Adjacent sides of 1st through 5th Arcuate artery, dorsal and plantar Dorsal interossei (four muscles) 2nd digit 2nd through 4th : lateral sides Lateral plantar nerve metatarsophalangeal joints, and Foot metatarsals metatarsal arteries of digits 2–4 extend phalanges Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th Superficial branch of lateral plantar Lateral plantar artery, plantar digital Flexor digiti minimi brevis Base of 5th metatarsal Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit Foot digit nerve artery to 5th digit, arcuate artery Medial tubercle of tuberosity of Medial and lateral plantar arteries Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral Flexor digitorum brevis calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and Medial plantar nerve Flexes 2nd through 5th digits and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal Foot four digits intermuscular septum and plantar digital arteries 07/16/15 Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT Stritch School of Medicine MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral Both sides of base of proximal phalanx Medial plantar artery, first plantar Flexor hallucis brevis Medial plantar nerve Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit Foot cuneiform of 1st digit metatarsal artery Flexes proximal phalanges at MTP Medial side of dorsal digital expansions Medial one: medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar artery and plantar Lumbricals Tendons of flexor digitorum longus joint, extends phalanges at PIP and Foot of lateral 4 digits Lateral three : lateral plantar nerve metatarsal arteries DIP joints Adduct digits (2–4) and flex Lateral plantar artery and plantar Bases and medial sides of 3rd through Medial sides of bases of proximal Plantar interossei (three muscles) Lateral plantar nerve metatarsophalangeal joint and arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar Foot 5th metatarsals phalanges of 3rd through 5th digits extend phalanges digital arteries Corrects for oblique pull of flexor Medial and lateral sides of plantar Posterolateral edge of flexor digitorum Medial and lateral plantar arteries Quadratus plantae Lateral plantar nerve digitorum longus tendon, thus assists Foot surface of calcaneus longus tendon and deep plantar arterial arch in flexion of toes Most fibers end in iliotibial tract that Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral Inferior gluteal arteries mainly, and Gluteus maximus dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, Inferior gluteal nerve Gluteal region fibers insert into gluteal tuberosity of rotation, and abducts thigh superior gluteal arteries occasionally sacrotuberous ligament femur Abducts and medially rotates thigh at Lateral surface of ilium between anterior Lateral surface of greater trochanter of Gluteus medius Superior gluteal nerve hips; steadies pelvis on leg when Superior gluteal artery Gluteal region and posterior gluteal lines femur opposite leg is raised Abducts and medially rotates thigh at Lateral surface of ilium between anterior Anterior surface of greater trochanter of Main trunk and deep branch of Gluteus minimus Superior gluteal nerve hips; steadies pelvis on leg when Gluteal region and inferior gluteal lines femur superior gluteal artery opposite leg is raised Medial surface of greater trochanter of Laterally rotates extended thigh at Inferior gamellus Ischial tuberosity Nerve to quadratus femoris Medial circumflex femoral artery Gluteal region femur the hip Pelvic surface of obturator membrane Medial surface of greater trochanter of Laterally rotates extended thigh, Internal pudendal and obturator Obturator internus Nerve to obturator internus Gluteal region and surrounding bone femur abducts flexed thigh at hip arteries Anterior surface of sacral segments 2–4, Superior border of greater trochanter of Laterally rotates extended thigh, Superior and inferior gluteal arteries, Piriformis Ventral rami of L5, S1, S2 Gluteal region sacrotuberous ligament femur abducts flexed thigh at hip internal pudendal artery Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric Quadratus femoris Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity Nerve to quadratus femoris Laterally rotates thigh at hip Medial circumflex femoral artery Gluteal region crest of femur Medial surface of greater trochanter of Laterally rotates extended thigh at Inferior gluteal and internal pudendal Superior gemellus Outer surface of ischial spine Nerve to obturator internus