Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Mr. Booth’s World History 1300 – 1500 CE 2 OBJECTIVES TODAY 1. We will learn about Catholic Church Hierarchy. – People were – I.M.A.D! ______________________________________________ 2. Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation. • Luther’s Ideas were • F.U.N. What did the Catholic Church Care About? • The Catholic Church cared about _____________, and taking care of ____________ • Raising money, and the Roman Catholic Clergy What is the Early Church Like? Protestant Reformation: The Beginning - Protestant = someone who protested the Catholic Church - Reformation = When people demand changes - The Protestant Reformation began because the Catholic Church made Protestants say I.M.A.D! I =Indulgences • A monk/friar named Johann Tetzel was raising “something.” • “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, right then the soul to heaven springs” • What was he selling? • Heaven • To raise money he sold Indulgences: Certificates of Pardon to absolve sin • Who would this anger? M = Merchants • Merchants or Italian businessmen and women want usury. What is this? • Usury = lending money & charging interest…5% or 5 points for a loan. – Church says usury is wrong… Is this Hypocritical? Q: Who would this anger? A = Absolute Power and Wealth of Church • Q. Why was the Catholic Church so powerful in Europe? 1. For many, church represented a chance for people to go to heaven. 2. Pope had power over the king because of the threat of excommunication. D = Domination of the Church by Italians (Germans/English are mad) • People of Germany and England resented paying taxes to Rome because they thought the Catholic Church did nothing for them. • They said “Rome was way down there, and we’re way up here.” • What can you conclude about I.M.A.D.? Martin Luther Martin Luther: His 3 Ideas in the 95 Theses were F.U.N. The Church Didn’t Think it was FUN 1. Faith only saves people - not good works -Catholic church = salvation by following church F -Q: Who will not like this idea of Luther’s? Why? 2. Ultimate authority for Christians = Bible -Q: Who will this anger? Who did Catholics think was the U authority? -Catholic Church says Pope is Ultimate Authority N 3. Nobody is more important in God’s eyes -All people with faith are equal. Therefore, people did not need priest to interpret the Bible for them. How did Luther’s Ideas Spread? • Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press (Gutenberg) AND • Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church. The Early Christian Church Roman Eastern Catholicism Orthodoxy (Great Schism 1054) Protestantism Reformation (16th) First Protestant Second Protestant Third Protestant Branch Branch Branch Lutheranism 2. Anglicanism 3. Calvinism Episcopalian, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Reformed Pentecostal Henry VIII • King of England in 1509 (devout Catholic) • Wife - Catherine of Aragon Daughter - Mary – but no woman ever successfully claimed the English throne. • He wants a son! – so he asked the Pope to annul or cancel his marriage, Pope says no King Henry VIII Dad of the Anglican Chruch D- Divorce. Henry wants one, pope says no A – Anglican Church, Henry in charge, no Pope D- Did away with Catholic Church’s land and wealth of church Henry VIII’s Six Wives John Calvin • B. 1509 in From France • Broke from Catholic Church and started his own denomination. • Greatly influenced French Huguenots (French Protestants)to question French government – (French Gov. is Catholic) • Published Institutes of the Christian Religion – Laid the foundation for the following: Calvin’s Ideas •P- Calvin said that very few people are saved by God called the “elect”. • The belief that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved is called predestination O- Our moral lives reveal if we’re chosen by God W – Work ethic than honors God Legacy of the Reformation • Huge impact. It set the stage for the modern world and ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided. • R More schools were established – faith based high schools and colleges • P – Individual countries formed began because Europe was no longer united by faith .