LARC 352 History of Landscape Architecture Autumn Quarter, 2016 Instructor: Thaïsa Way PhD T.A.: Sara Jacobs Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, 1483-1526 Chahar Bagh: •Enclosed Garden •Four Rivers of Milk, Honey, Wine, and Water •Fruit & shade trees •Quadripartite The Persian City of Isfahan: 1598 The Persian City of Isfahan: 1598 Plan of early 17th c. Isfahan Maydan (Central Square) / Shah Abas Square & Royal Mosque AGRA INDIA Humayun (1508-1556), 1570 Delhi, India. Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, Persian architect Humayan, Delhi (top L) Akbar, Agra (top R) Jahangir & Asaf Khan, Lahore (lower L) Taj Mahal, Agra (lower R) Red Fort, Agra, Diwani-am Akbar holds a religious assembly of different faiths in Fatehpur Sikri. Akbar, 1542-1605, Mughal Emperor 1556-1605 Tomb of Salim Chishti, Fatehpur Sikri Tomb of I'tmad-Ud-Daulah by Nur Jahan (for her parents) (1622-28 A.D.) Shalimar, Kashmir 1620/ 1637 by “If there be a Jahingar Paradise on the face of the earth, it is here, it is here, it is here” Nishat Bagh, Kashmir 1605/ 1633 by Asaf Khan (Nur Jahan’s Brother) Shalimar, Kashmir, 1620/ 1637 by Jahingar Nishat Bagh, Kashmir, 1605/1633 by Asaf Khan Shalimar, Kashmir, 1620/ 1637 by Jahingar Nishat Bagh, Kashmir, 1605/1633 by Asaf Khan AGRA, INDIA Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1648 By Shah Jahan Chahar Bagh Type Fully Formed: Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1648 Ustad Ahmad (Isa Khan), architect in court of Shah Jahan Bas-relief Pietra dura Mahtab Bagh or Moonlight Garden Bird's Eye View of the Taj Mahal at Agra India, 1790-1810 Taj Mahal …from multiple perspectives The Silk Road Yanqi Ancient City, Bayingholin Binglingsi Caves, Lanzhou Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur © Mimi Hall Yiengpruksawan. © Mimi Hall Yiengpruksawan. http://www.library.yale.edu/digitalcollections/yalesilkroad/ China and the Silk Road K'ung Fu Tzu (Confucius, 551 B.C.-479 B.C.) Confucianism • "The School of the Scholars"; or 孔教 Kŏngjiào, • 仁义礼智信 (Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi, Xin) • Compassionate or kindhearted, just or righteous, to obey rituals or rites, wise, trustful • "To govern by virtue, let us compare it to the North Star: it stays in its place, while the myriad stars wait upon it." (Analects II, 1) • “He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.” (Lunyu 2.15) Emperor Han Wudi (140-87 BCE) worships the Buddha, Mogao Caves, China 3 Yuanming Gardens Mountains (shan ) and water (shui) mean landscape- shan shui feng shui translates as "wind-water" “Early Spring” 1072 in Shan Shui style The Shanglin Park: Imperial Hunt 221 BCE garden first designed and constructed Revived in the mid- to late 16th century, Qiu Ying , (Chinese, ca. 1494- 1552) Ming dynasty Shanglin Park- initially built by Qin Shihuangdi, Chang’an, 221 BCE- Qin Dynasty Emperor Wen, together with Queen Dou and Lady Shen (his favored concubine), visited the Shanglin Garden one day Three Laughing Men by Tiger Stream, Song Dynasty, Garden after Huiyuan (334-416 CE) Wangchuan Villa, outside Chang’an, Wang Wei (699- 759 CE), Tang Dynasty Emperor Sung Huizong, 1100-1125 CE Birds Listening to the Qin Classical Gardens of Suzhou Lion’s Grove Garden, Suzhou Wang Shi Yuan – Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets, Suzhou, 1140 CE, Southern Song Dynasty (1127- 1279), restored in 1770 (Qing Dynasty) Wang Shi Yuan – Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets, Suzhou, 1140 CE, Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), restored in 1770 (Qing Dynasty) Master of the Fishing Nets Garden, 1140 (Southern Song), 1785 (Qing) jei jing- borrowed scenery “Yuan ye” or “The Craft of Gardens” by Ji Cheng, 1634 Wang Shi Yuan – Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets, Suzhou, 1140 CE, Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), restored in 1770 Suzhou, China Humble Administrator’s Garden, Suzhou The Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) , Suzhou, China Yuanye, by Ji Cheng, 1631 • "The garden is created by the human hand, but should appear as if created by heaven..