Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften an der Fakultät für Geowissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Young tectonic evolution of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin, southern Germany, based on linking geomorphology and structural geology Markus Hoffmann München, 15. März 2017 II 1. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Anke M. Friedrich 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Miriam Dühnforth Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24. Juli 2017 III IV Für Horst† und Irene V VI Brick walls are there for a reason. The brick walls are not there to keep us out, they let us prove how badly we want something. (Randy Pausch, 2012) VII VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 7 DANKSAGUNG .......................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 .............................................................................................................................. 11 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 11 1. History of basin discovery and exploration ................................................................. 16 2. Dynamic landscapes .................................................................................................... 18 3. Paleo-coastal research and topography ....................................................................... 21 4. General remark ............................................................................................................ 23 5. References ................................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................. 29 MORPHOTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRIC TERTIARY HILLS AND POSSIBLE CONNECTION TO BASEMENT FAULTS – NORTHERN ALPINE FORELAND BASIN, GERMANY ... 29 1. Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 29 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 30 3.1. Surface morphology and study site setting .......................................................... 36 3.2. Regional fault data ............................................................................................... 37 4. Methods ....................................................................................................................... 38 4.1. Geomorphic mapping ........................................................................................... 38 4.2. Shallow coring ..................................................................................................... 39 4.3. Resistivity tomography ........................................................................................ 39 4.4. Geologic field mapping ........................................................................................ 40 5. Results ......................................................................................................................... 43 5.1. Study site Paindlkofen ......................................................................................... 43 5.1.1. Geomorphic analysis ......................................................................................... 43 5.1.2. Coring................................................................................................................ 45 5.1.3. Resistivity Tomography .................................................................................... 47 5.2. Study site Tunzenberg .......................................................................................... 50 5.2.1. Geomorphic analysis ......................................................................................... 50 5.2.2. Geologic field mapping ..................................................................................... 50 6. Interpretation ............................................................................................................... 52 7. Discussion ................................................................................................................... 54 7.1. Composite climatic landscape (Fig. 2.12): ........................................................... 57 IX 7.2. Composite tectonic landscape (Fig. 2.13): ........................................................... 57 8. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 62 9. Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 62 10. References ................................................................................................................. 63 11. Appendix ................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 67 EROSIONAL AND TECTONIC OVERPRINT OF THE MID-MIOCENE MARINE CLIFF LINE AND ITS APPLICABILITY AS A PALEO-GEODETIC MARKER OF REGIONAL-SCALE TILTING, SWABIAN ALB, SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY ............................................................................................ 67 1. Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 67 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 68 2.1. History of ancient rocky shore research ............................................................... 68 3. Regional Background and Stratigraphic Setting ......................................................... 75 3.1. Fault Systems and Seismotectonics ..................................................................... 77 3.2. The mid-Miocene coast ........................................................................................ 78 3.3. The Heldenfingen study site (A) .......................................................................... 79 3.4. The Burgmagerbein study site (B) ....................................................................... 80 4. Methods ....................................................................................................................... 82 4.1. Geomorphic mapping ........................................................................................... 82 4.2. Field mapping and analysis of bio-erosion features ............................................. 82 4.3. Estimating local surface uplift ............................................................................. 83 4.4. Onlap and facies analysis ..................................................................................... 84 5. Results ......................................................................................................................... 85 5.1. Site Heldenfingen (A) .......................................................................................... 85 5.1.1. Geomorphology ................................................................................................ 85 5.1.2. Coastal features ................................................................................................. 87 5.2. Site Burgmagerbein (B) ....................................................................................... 87 5.2.1. Geomorphology ................................................................................................ 87 5.2.2. Coastal features ................................................................................................. 88 5.3. Uplift estimates for the sites Heldenfingen and Burgmagerbein ......................... 91 5.4. Sequence stratigraphic analysis............................................................................ 94 6. Interpretation ............................................................................................................... 98 7. Discussion ................................................................................................................. 101 7.1. Evolution of the coastal region along the northern margin of the NAFB .......... 101 8. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 109 9. References ................................................................................................................. 110 X CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................ 117 QUATERNARY TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE NORTHERN ALPINE FORELAND BASIN - ANALYSIS OF EROSION PATTERNS AND GEOMORPHIC MARKERS .......................................... 117 1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 117 2. Introduction