Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 – 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kenan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 – 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 – 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Ayca represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) ERGUN Tel: (+90 – 312) 210 59 96 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 598 27 53 (Ext. 25) (IMANOV) E-mail: [email protected] Vladimer Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) PAPAVA Tel: (995 – 32) 24 35 55 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 561 70 54 E-mail: [email protected] Volume 8 IssueMembers 3-4 2014 of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza D.Sc. (History), Professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy of ALEKSIDZE Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa AYDIN Rector of Kadir Has University (Turkey) Irina BABICH D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus (Azerbaijan) EYVAZOV Rauf Ph.D. (Psychology), Leading research associate of the Center for Strategic Studies under GARAGOZOV the President of the Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijan) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus GULIEV (Azerbaijan) Shamsaddin D.Sc. (Economy), Professor of the Azerbaijan State Economic University HAJIEV (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Oleg Ph.D. (History), Associate Professor, Deputy Rector for Research, Higher School of Social KUZNETSOV and Managerial Consulting (Institute) (Russia) Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury (U.K.); Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.S.A.) Roin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Academician of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, METREVELI President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians (Georgia) Michael Associate professor, Near Eastern Studies Department, Princeton University (U.S.A.) A. REYNOLDS Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Avtandil D.Sc. (Economy), Professor, Tbilisi University of International Relations, Full Member of SILAGADZE the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla D.Sc. (History), Professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2014 25 Ajami Nakhchivani, building 2 © CA&CC Press®, 2014 AZ1108, Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2014 4 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS THE STATES OF THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS Alla IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL COORDINATES YAZKOVA 7 THE RULE OF LAW AS A KEY FACTOR OF Eldar PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MAMMADOV 15 U.S. GEOPOLITICAL TRENDS Sabina IN THE CASPIAN REGION GARASHOVA 24 MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN Niyazi AZERBAIJAN AND UKRAINE IN 1994-2014 NIYAZOV 32 THE MUTUAL CONTAINMENT POLICY OF Masoumeh Rad RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES GOUDARZI, IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS: Abdollah Baei ACHIEVEMENTS AND OBSTACLES LASHAKI, Samira TALEBI 44 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEO-ECONOMICS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND Solomon FOOD SECURITY IN GEORGIA PAVLIASHVILI 55 GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND FORMATION OF Emin AN INNOVATION ECONOMY IN AZERBAIJAN MAMEDZADE 61 GEOCULTURE ETHNOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF Makka THE LOUD MALE DHIKR IN INGUSH SOCIETY ALBOGACHIEVA 68 THE AKKINTSY OF THE DARIAL AND ARMKHI GORGES: Israpil DISMANTLING OF A MYTH SAMPIEV 80 GEOHISTORY CAUCASIAN ÉMIGRÉS IN THE RUSSIAN MASONIC LODGES IN FRANCE Irina (1922-1939) BABICH 92 GEORGIAN GENERALS IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: EPISODES FROM THE HISTORY OF GEORGIAN-BALTIC RELATIONS Nikolai (FROM THE 17TH C. TO THE EARLY 20TH C.) JAVAKHISHVILI 109 THE KHANS OF KARABAKH: Eldar Elkhan ogly THE ELDER LINE BY GENERATIONS ISMAILOV 123 NATIONAL-RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM AND POLITICAL TERROR OF NATIONALISTS AS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THE ETHNOGENESIS OF ARMENIAN ETHNICITY Oleg (ESSAY ON SOCIAL-POLITICAL HISTORY) KUZNETSOV 163 ARMENIAN VOLUNTEERS Jamil ON THE CAUCASIAN FRONT (1914-1916) HASANLI 183 Index The Caucasus & Globalization, Vol. 8, 2014 202 6 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Contributors please use the following guidelines: — begin articles with a brief abstract of 300-500 words and keywords; — articles should be no less than 3,000 and no more than 6,000 words, including footnotes; — footnotes should be placed at the bottom of each page; if there are references to Internet resources, please give the author’s name, the name of the document, the website address, and the date it was made available, for example, available 2007-04-19; — quotations, names of authors and other information from English-language sources should be duplicated in brackets in the original language, that is, in English; — the article should be divided into sections, including an introduction and conclusion; — the author should include the following personal information: first name, last name, academic degree, place of work, position, city, country. All articles accepted are published in Russian and English, in the Russian-language and English-language versions of the journal, respectively. The editorial board takes responsibility for translation of the articles. Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Alla YAZKOVA D.Sc. (Hist.), Professor, Head, Department of Black Sea-Mediterranean Studies, Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, the Russian Federation). THE STATES OF THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL COORDINATES Abstract he author identifies the main political the Association Agreement with the EU. She trends of the South Caucasian states, the looks at the main trends of the multifaceted T United States, the EU, and NATO in the policy of the South Caucasian states stipulated context of the crisis in Eastern Europe of by their geopolitical location, possibilities, and spring-summer 2014 and Georgia’s signing of prospects for their cooperation with Russia. KEYWORDS: the Southern Caucasus, regional cooperation, separatism, interstate conflicts, Russia, the European Union, the U.S., NATO, globalization, regionalism, transportation routes, strategic importance, risk factors. 8 Volume 8 Issue 3-4 2014 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Introduction The Southern Caucasus1 is a region that is gradually gaining more and more importance as a source of huge amounts of natural gas and oil and the crossroads of European and Eurasian transportation routes. Its strategic consequence, however, is not limited to its energy potential no matter how important it may be. Its geopolitical value is created by its immediate proximity to the conflict-ridden regions of the Middle East and the fact it borders on Russia, as well as on Turkey and Iran, two regional heavyweights. Today, relations between the South Caucasian countries and their neighbors are marred by numerous recent risk factors that may upset the regional balance and change the roles