The Spirit of netw rks There’s More Online about the events that Independence drove the colonies and the British apart. 1763–1776 CHAPTER 5 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • Why does confl ict develop? Lesson 1 • What motivates people to act? No Taxation Without Representation Lesson 2 Uniting the Colonists Lesson 3 A Call to Arms Lesson 4 Declaring Independence The Story Matters . He stands proud and tall, this minuteman, part of a colonial militia. Citizen soldiers like him were the fi rst responders of their time. A call to arms could come day or night. The minutemen were out the door on a minute’s notice, ready to protect their communities. Few would doubt the minutemen’s bravery. But if the growing tension between the colonies and Great Britain led to war, how would these farmers, clerks, and shopkeepers stand up to a force of skilled British soldiers? This was one of many troubling questions that the colonies faced as they moved closer to declaring their independence. ◀ This portrait of a minuteman was created in 1876 to celebrate 100 years of American independence. Bettmann/CORBIS 115 109_111_DOPA_SE_MS_C05_CO_659693.indd 109 PDF PROOF 2/22/11 3:05 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL CHAPTER 5 Place and Time: The British Colonies 1763 to 1776 The British colonies extended along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. In the middle North America 1775 of this strip was Philadelphia. 40°N This city would become a N gathering place for colonial UNORGANIZED W TERRITORY leaders as they discussed E KLIKITAT Co S lumbia R. BLACKFOOT the growing confl ict with CAYUSE Great Britain. CROW S n a E ke MODOC T R. U I A P Step Into the Place N SHOSHONE R P E O H MAP FOCUS By 1775, British M T R O O policies had caused unrest in the PACIFIC OCEAN N SPANISH colonies and a growing TERRITORY movement toward independence. 140°W UTE N HER UT E O IUT 30°N S PA 1 REGION Which colonial region C H U M JO appears to have the largest area of A AVA S SE N R . HOPI H RA R Loyalist support? NO o d British territory a r lo 2 LOCATION What lay beyond the o Strong Patriot areas in 1775 C borders of British territory in Strong Loyalist areas in 1775 North America? Site of major protests against British tax laws, 1764–1774 M PIMA E S C 3 CRITICAL THINKING Spanish Missions R A io NATIVE AMERICAN GROUP G Making Connections In which ra n d colonies do you think the movement e for independence might have been 0 200 miles the strongest? What makes you 0 200 km think so? Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection 20°N 130°W 120°W 110°W Step Into the Time 1763 Treaty of 1765 Colonists Paris signed protest Stamp Act TIME LINE Review the time line. What was taking place in AMERICAS Europe at about the same time 1763 1766 the First Continental Congress WORLD EVENTS met in America? 1762 Rousseau writes 1764 Mozart writes The Social Contract his fi rst symphony 116 The Spirit of Independence 109_111_DOPA_SE_MS_C05_CO_659693.indd 110 PDF PROOF 3/7/11 5:53 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL MAP Explore the interactive NGSSS covered in Place and Time netw rks version of this map on NETWORKS. Students will understand the following benchmarks from There’s More Online! TIME LINE Explore the interactive the Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards. version of this time line on SS.8.A.1.2 Analyze charts, graphs, maps, photographs and time lines; NETWORKS. analyze political cartoons; determine cause and eff ect. SS.8.A.3.2 Explain American colonial reaction to British policy from N 1763–1774. 50°N SS.8.G.4.6 Use political maps to describe changes in boundaries and governance throughout American history. HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY 60°W tia co S RGANIZED Québec a Halifax v RRITORY o Sup Montréal N ake erio BLACKFOOT O L r J I SE B W c A L e CROW DAKOTA YANKTONAI ak b N.H. n e SIOUX é IS a H u o O BostonB g u ri U i Q Q New SANTEE r ta 40°N O n O Mass. S h o . O IR n G f c York n L a i k A o e B R. M E R.I. CHEYENNE POTAWATOMI e N e e c ri Conn. N k I n E a i e SHOSHONE W k NewN York L v La N.J.N J M o Pa. i r s ERIE PhiladelphiaP s o P u IOWA r i Md. R Del. BRITISH TERRITORY ILLINOIS R. ANISH ARAPAHO io RITORY Oh UTE St. Louis Virginia WWilliamsburg N HER UT E SPANISH O IUT S PA LOUISIANA SHAWNEE North E Carolina A e E rk v K JO KIOWA OSAGE . AVA a r O N n R e R ATLANTIC OCEAN . HOPI s a i s E CATAWBA R s p R H . p e o i C WilmingtonW s R d s South i s s i CHICKASAW n Carolina a M i M USK ed R d OG C R . C n E CharlestonC 30°N O A E D I M WICHITA D Georgia A O N SavannahSSa C B AW M H r T YAMASEE PIMA E a C S E z O C o A s H R R NATCHEZ C West Florida io L ER . G O Natchez Pensacola ra St. Augustine n d e TIMUCUA New Orleans Florida Gulf of Mexico CALUSA 110°W 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 1775 Battles of Lexington 1774 First and Concord occur 1770 Boston 1773 Boston Tea Continental 1776 Colonies issue the Massacre occurs Party takes place Congress meets Declaration of Independence 1769 1772 1775775 1778 1769 James 1770 James Cook 1772 Poland divided 1774 Louis XVI Watt introduces explores coast of among Russia, becomes king of France his steam engine Australia Prussia, and Austria 117 109_111_DOPA_SE_MS_C05_CO_659693.indd 111 PDF PROOF 2/23/11 1:53 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student FL Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL S c o N netw rks I A T a l N U There’s More Online! er Riv O Ohio re M N GRAPHIC ORGANIZER IA H C A British Policies L PA ou P MAP The Proclamation A ac of 1763 th Lesson 1 fo of No Taxation Without th ev Representation T In ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why does confl ict develop? on ch sm NGSSS covered in It Matters Because ac “Dealing with Great Britain” Conflict between the American colonies and the British began to SS.8.A.3.1 Explain the consequences of the deepen in the years after the French and Indian War. French and Indian War in British policies for the American colonies from 1763–1774. SS.8.A.3.2 Explain American colonial reaction to British policy from 1763–1774. Dealing with Great Britain SS.8.A.3.5 Describe the infl uence of individuals on social and political GUIDING QUESTION Why did the British government establish new policies? developments during the Revolutionary era. SS.8.A.3.8 Examine individuals and groups After their victory in the French and Indian War, the British that aff ected political and social motivations during the American Revolution. controlled much of North America. Now they had to protect SS.8.A.3.16 Examine key events in Florida history as each impacts this era of American all this territory. To meet this challenge, King George III issued history. the Proclamation of 1763. This order prohibited, or barred, colonists from living west of the Appalachian Mountains, on Native American land. For the British, the proclamation offered several advantages. It helped keep peace between Native Americans and settlers. It also kept colonists near the Atlantic Coast, where British authority was stronger. Finally, it allowed Britain to control westward expansion and the fur trade in the region. The king sent 10,000 troops to the colonies to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 and keep the peace with Native Americans. Enforcing Trade Laws Great Britain needed new revenue, or income, to pay for the troops. The British also had large debts from the French and Indian War. The king and Parliament felt the colonists should pay part of these Granger Collection, NYC The (r) Reading HELPDESK Taking Notes: Identifying British Policy Colonists’ View Content Vocabulary re As you read, identify British policies that aff ected • revenue • effi gy w the colonists. Record each policy in a chart like this • writ of assistance • boycott offi one. Then record the colonists’ views of each policy. • resolution • repeal 118 The Spirit of Independence 112_115_DOPA_SE_MS_C05_L1_659693.indd 112 PDF PROOF 2/23/11 1:52 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL costs, so the British government issued new taxes on the colonies. It also enforced old taxes more strictly. To avoid taxes, some colonists resorted to smuggling. This caused British revenues to fall. In 1763 Britain’s prime minister, George Grenville, set British Florida out to stop the smuggling. Parliament passed a law to have Aft er the French and Indian accused smugglers tried by royally appointed judges rather War, Florida became British than local juries. Grenville knew that American juries often territory. Britain divided found smugglers innocent. Parliament also empowered customs Florida into two colonies, East Florida and West Florida.