WORKSHOP ON Analysis of Returned Comet Nucleus Samples JANUARY 16-18,1989 MILPITAS, CALIFORNIA SPONSORED BY LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER WORKSHOP ON Analysis of Returned Comet Nucleus Samples JANUARY 16-18, 1989 MILPITAS, CALIFORNIA SPONSORED BY LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER Cover photo courtesy of H. U. Keller. Copyright held by Max-Planck-Jnstitut fur Aeronomie, Lindau- Katlenburg, FRG. Available from the Lunar and Planetary Institute as part of the Comet Halley image sequence ( #C3443 ). PROGRAM COMMITI'EE MEMBERS Thomas Ahrens Eberhard Gri.in California Institute of Technology Max-Planck-Institut filr Kemphysik Lou Allamandola Martha Hanner NASA Ames Research Center let Propulsion Laboratory David Blake Alan Harris (Ex Officio) NASA Ames Research Center let Propulsion Laboratory Donald Brownlee John Kerridge University of Washington University of California, Los Angeles Theodore E. Bunch Yves Langevin NASA Ames Research Center Universite de Paris, Sud Humberto Campins Larry Nyquist, Convener Planetary Science Institute NASA Johnson Space Center Sherwood Chang, Convener Gerhard Schwehm NASA Ames Research Center European Space Agency, ESTEC JeffCuzzi Paul Weissman NASA Ames Research Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory Monday. .Januacy 16th 7:00 - 8:00 a.m. Registration 8:00a.m. Welcome & Introduction to Workshop Sherwood Chang, NASA, Ames Research Center 8:10a.m. Rosetta - Comet Nucleus Sample Return Mission: Status Report Geoffrey Briggs, NASA Headquarters Dr. Marcello Coradini, European Space Agency SESSION lA Chairman: Sherwood Chang 8:30a.m. - 12:00 Noon SOURCES AND NATURE OF COMETARY COMPONENTS Invited Speaker Presentations Nuclear Synthesis and Isotopic Composition of Insteller Grains Alexander Tielens Interstellar and Cometary Dust John Mathis Refractory Solids in Chondrites and Comets: How Similar? John Wood 10:30 a.m. COFFEE BREAK Solar Nebular Condensates and the Composition of Comets Jonathan Lunine Non-equilibrium Chemistry in the Solar Nebula and Early Solar System: Implications for the Chemistry of Comets Bruce Fegley Poster Presentations Thennal and Chemical Processing of the Outennost Layer of Cometary Nuclei Campins H. Krider E. P. Sulfur Compounds in Comets Kim S. A'Hearn M. Specrophotometric Observations of Comet P/Giacobini-Zinner Konno I. Wyckoff S. Wehinger P. A. Computer Simulation of Dust Grain Evolution Liffman K. 12 Noon· 1:30 p.m. GROUP LUNCH & POSTER REVIEW SESSIONIB Chairman: Thomas Ahrens 1:30- 5:30p.m. FORMATION AND PHYSICAL PROCESSING OF COMETS Invited Sneaker Presentations Comments on Comet Shapes and Aggregation Processes William Hartmann Physical Processing of Cometary Nuclei Paul R. Weissman S. Alan Stern COMPOSITION OF COMETS FROM SPACECRAFT OBSERVATION Gas and Ice Composition of Comet P/Halley Peter Eberhardt 3:30p.m. COFFEE BREAK Composition of Dust from Comet P/Halley: The Mineral Fraction Yves Langevin Organic Chemistry of Comet Dust as Derived from PUMA 1 Data J. Kissel F. R. Krueger Poster Presentations Cosmogenic Nuclides in Cometary Materials: Implications for Rate of Mass Loss and Exposure History Herzog G. F. Englert P. A. J. Reedy R. C. Measurements of Long-Lived Cosmogenic Nuclides in Returned Comet Nucleus Samples Nishiizumi K. Kohn C. P. Arnold J. R. Morphology and Compositional Differentiation of the Surface of Comets Huebner W. F. Boice D. C. Role of Dust to Gas Production Rate Ratio in Cometary Physics Ibadov S. The In-situ Cometary Particulate Size Distribution Measured for One Comet: P/Halley McDonnell J.A.M. Pankiewicz G. S. 5:30 • 7:30p.m. POSTER REVIEW & SOCIAL (cocktails and hors d' oeuvres buffet) PANEL DISCUSSION COMET SAMPLE HANDLING, CURATION & ALLOCATION 7:30 - 9:30p.m. Chairmen: Douglas Blanchard, NASA Johnson Space Center Dieter Stoffler, Inst. fiir Planetologie, Universitllt MUnster Panel Members: Benton Clark, Martin Marietta Peter Eberhardt, Physikalisches Inst., University of Bern John Oro, University of Houston Edward Whalley, National Research Council of Canada Tuesday. .January 17th SESSIONIIA Chainnan: Yves Langevin 8:30a.m. -12:15 p.m. INSIGHTS INTO COMETS OBTAINED FROM ANALYSES OF PRIMITIVE SOLAR SYSTEM MATERIALS Invited Speaker Presentations The Cornet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission David Morrison Marcia Neugebauer Paul Weissman Electron Beam Analysis of Particulate Cometary Material John Bradley Evolution of Carbonaceous Chondrite Parent Bodies: Insights into Cometary Nuclei? Harry Y. McSween, Jr. 10:20 a.m. COFFEE BREAK Isotopic Microanalysis of Returned Cornet Nucleus Samples Ernst Zinner The Carbon Chemistry of Meteorites: Relationships to Comets Sherwood Chang Poster Presentations Identification of Solar Nebula Condensates in Interplanetary Dust Particles and Unequilibrated Ordinary Chondrites Klock W. Thomas K. L. McKay D. S. What if Chondritic Porous Interplanetary Dust Particles are not the Real McCoy? F. J. M. Rietmeijer Trajectory-Capture Cell Instrumentation for Measurement of Dust Particle Mass, Velocity and Trajectory, and Particle Capture Simpson J. A. Tuzzolino A. J. The Measurement of Trace Elements in Interplanetary Dust and Cometary Particles by Ultra-high Sensitivity INAA Zolensky M. E. Lindstrom D. J. Lindstrom R. M. Lindstrom M. M. 12:15 p.m. -1:45 LUNCH BREAK SESSION liB Chairman: Ezio Bussoletti 1:45- 5:00p.m. EFFECTS OF ASTRO-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROCESSES ON COMETARY MATERIALS Invited Speaker Presentations Radiation Modification of Cometary Materials: Laboratory Simulations R. E. Johnson Metamorphism of Cosmic Dust: Processing from Circumstellar Outflows to the Cometary Regolith Joseph A. Nuth III From Interstellar Dust to Comets J, Mayo Greenberg 3:25 p.m. COFFEE BREAK Experimental Studies of Gas Trapping in Amorphous Ice and Thermal Modelling of Comets - Implications for Rosetta Akiva Bar-Nun Modifications of Comet Materials by the Sublimation Process: Results from Simulation Experiments Eberhardt Griin and KOSI-team 4:45p.m. The Return of Comet Samples and the Issues of Planetary Protection John Rummel, NASA Planetary Protection Officer PREVIEW OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS- SESSIONS liB, IliA & IIIB Chairman: Larry Nyquist 5:00 - 5:30p.m. Poster Presentations - liB Direct Determination of the Morphology, Stmcture and Composition of Cometary and Interstellar Ice Analogs in the Laboratory Blake D. F. Allamandola L. J. Thennal Histories of the Samples of Two KOSI Comet Nucleus Simulation Experiments Spohn T. Benkhoff J. Klinger J. Griin E. Kochan H. Nature of Comet(ll)l Materials Stephens]. Mechanical and SEM Analysis ofArtificial Comet Nucleus Samples Thiel K. Kochan H. Roessler K. Griin E. Schwehm G. Hellmann H. Hsiung P. Kolzer G. Ion Bombardment Experiments Suggesting an Origin for Organic Particles in Pre-Comet(ll)l and Comet(ll)l Ices Wdowiak T. J. Robinson E. L. Flickinger G. C. Boyd D. A. 5:30 - 7:30 p.m. POSTER REVIEW & SOCIAL (cocktails and hors d' oeuvres buffet) 7:30p.m SPECIAL ADDRESS by Professor Linus Pauling Inorganic Analogs to Biological Specificity Dr. Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963. He has received 30 honorary degrees from United States and foreign universities. In addition he has received the following awards and honors: the Langmuir Prize, American Chemical Soceity, 1931; the Nichols Medal, 1941; the Linus Pauling Medal, 1966; the Davy Medal, Royal Society, 1947; Medal for Merit, 1948; Pasteur Medal, Biochemistry Society, France, 1952; Addis Medal, National Nephrosis Federation, 1955; Phillips Memorial Award, America! College of Physicians, 1956, Avogardro Medal, Italian Academy of Science, 1956, Fermat Medal, Sabatier Medal and International Grotius Medal, 1957; Order of Merit, Republic of Italy; Medal, Academy Rumanian People's Republic, 1965; President of Honor, International Society of Research Nutrition and Vital Substances, 1965; Silver Model, Institute France, 1966; and the Supreme Peace Sponsor, World Fellowship of Religions, 1966. His work includes: determination of structure of crystals and molecules; application of quantum mechanics to chemistry; rotation of molecules in crystals; sizes of ions; theory of stability of complex crystals; chemical bond; line spectra; immunochemistry; structure of proteins; molecular abnormality in relation to disease; sickle cell anemia; orthomolecular medicine, vitamin C and cancer; metals and alloys; and ferromagnetism. Dr. Pauling now heads the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California. Wednesday. January 18 SESSION IliA Chairman: Kurt Marti 8:30-12:00 noon ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR STUDY OF COMET NUCLEUS SAMPLES Invited Speaker Presentations Rosetta Mission Description Gerhard Schwehm On the Isotope Analysis of Cometary Dust F. Begemann Isotopic Compositions of Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen Robert Clayton 10:20- 10:40 COFFEE BREAK Analysis of Organic Compounds in Returned Comet Nucleus Samples John R. Cronin Methods for the Mineralogical and Textural Analysis of Comet Nucleus Samples Dieter StOffier H. Duren J. KnO!ker Poster Presentations Trace Element Abundance Determinations by Synchrotron X-r01 Florescence (SXRF) on Returned Comet Nucleus Mineral Grains Flynn G. J. SuttonS. R. Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA): Technique of Choice for Nondestructive Bulk Analysis of Returned Comet Samples? Lindstrom D. J. Lindstrom R. M. Candidate Sample Acquisition Systems for the Rosetta Mission Magnani P. G. Gerli C. Colombina G. Vielmo P. Non-Destructive Trace Element Microanalysis ofAs-Received Cometary Nucleus