NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) NPS- 28: CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINE Effective Date: June 11, 1998 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Cultural Resource Management 1 Research 1 Planning 1 Stewardship 2 Purposes and Goals of This Guideline 2 Organization of the Guideline 3 Resource Types and Interdisciplinary Involvement 3 Standards 4 Implementation of the Guideline 4 Chapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 5 Introduction 5 The Cultural Connection 5 Parks and Cultural Resources 6 Cultural Resource Management 6 Types of Cultural Resources 7 Notes on Resource Categorization 7 NPS Resource Types 8 The Nature of Cultural Resources 9 Significance 9 Associations 9 Integrity 10 Essentials of a Comprehensive Program 11 Objectives of Cultural Resource Management 11 Research 11 Planning 12 Stewardship 12 Program Dynamics 13 The Process and the Cycle 13 The Human Factor 14 Decision-Making 14 A Living Legacy 15 Chapter 2: RESEARCH 17 Research Methodology 17 Task Directive 17 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps28/28contents.htm[3/12/2013 1:48:00 PM] NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) Research Design 19 Documentary Research 19 Field Investigations 19 Report 20 Resource Identification, Evaluation, and Registration 21 Service-wide Inventories of Cultural Resources 22 Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) 22 Cultural Sites Inventory (CSI)–Archeology and Ethnography (under development) 23 List of Classified Structures (LCS) 23 National Catalog of Museum Objects 23 National Register of Historic Places 23 Procedures for Established Areas 24 Baseline Research Reports 24 Archeological Overview and Assessment 25 Archeological Identification/Evaluation Studies 25 Ethnographic Overview and Assessment 25 Cultural Affiliation Studies 25 Historic Resource Study (HRS) 25 Cultural Resources Base Map 26 Park Administrative History 26 Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Project (REAP) 26 Scope of Collection Statement 26 Abbreviated and Specific Resource Studies 27 Physical Documentation and Material Analysis 28 Qualifications of Researchers 28 Funding and Staffing 29 Checklist for Research 30 Chapter 3: PLANNING 31 The Planning Process 31 Planning Scopes 32 Resources Management Plans 34 Planning and Cultural Resource Considerations 35 Archeological Resources 36 Cultural Landscapes 36 Historic and Prehistoric Structures 37 Museum Objects 37 Ethnographic Resources 38 Checklist for Planning 40 Chapter 4: STEWARDSHIP 41 Visitor Experience 41 Interpretation 42 Accessibility 42 Facilities 43 Park Design 43 Maintenance Management, ICAP, and Preservation Maintenance 43 Energy Conservation and Historic Preservation 45 Commemorative Works and Plaques 45 Protection 46 Safety 46 Physical Security 47 Law Enforcement 47 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps28/28contents.htm[3/12/2013 1:48:00 PM] NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) Archeological Resources Protection Act and Antiquities Act 47 Emergency Management 48 Land Acquisition and Management 48 Pest Management 49 Fire Management 49 Structural Fire 49 Wildland and Prescribed Fires 50 Administration 50 Budget 50 Personnel 51 Recruitment 51 Training 52 Chapter 5: COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 106 OF THE NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT 53 Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act 53 Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act 54 Responsibilities of the Superintendent 55 Responsibilities of the Field Director 56 When to Initiate Consultation 56 The Regulatory Section 106 Compliance Process 57 Identifying Historic Properties (36 CFR 800.4) 57 Assessing Effects (800.5) 59 Finding of No Effect 60 Finding of No Adverse Effect 60 Finding of Adverse Effect 60 Consultation (800.5[e]) 61 Advisory Council Comment 61 Groups of Undertakings and Programmatic Agreements 61 1995 Servicewide Programmatic Agreement 62 Programmatic Exclusions (Stipulation IV) 62 Planning (Stipulation VI) 63 Cooperation and Communication (Stipulation IX) 64 Checklist for Park Section 106 Compliance 65 Chapter 6: MANAGEMENT OF ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 67 Introduction and Objectives 67 Types of Archeological Resources 67 Program Objectives 68 Research 71 Project Development 71 Work Plans and Research Design 71 Permit Requirements 72 Consultation Requirements 72 Identification and Evaluation 73 Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program 73 Cluster-wide Archeological Inventory Plan 73 Archeological Overview and Assessment 74 Archeological Identification Study 74 Archeological Evaluation Study 75 Archeological Databases 76 Confidentiality of Information 77 Archeological Data Recovery Studies 78 Disposition of Archeological Collections 78 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps28/28contents.htm[3/12/2013 1:48:00 PM] NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) Planning 79 Relationship to Park Planning Documents 79 General Management Plan 79 Resources Management Plan 79 Development Concept Plan 80 Interpretive Prospectus 80 Other Park Plans 80 Relationship to Other Cultural Resources 80 Museum Collections 81 Historic and Prehistoric Sites and Structures 81 Cultural Landscapes 81 Ethnographic Resources 82 Use of Archeological Resources 82 Research Uses 82 Interpretive Uses 83 Section 106 and NEPA Compliance 83 Funding and Staffing 83 Stewardship 84 Treatment 84 Preservation 84 Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction 85 Protection 85 Checklist for Management of Archeological Resources 86 Chapter 7: MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES 87 Introduction and Objectives 87 Introduction 87 Program Objectives 87 Cultural Landscape Categories 88 Research 89Identification 89 Documentation, Evaluation, and Registration 90 Documentation 90 Significance 90 Integrity 90 National Register Nominations 90 Cultural Landscapes Inventory 91 Cultural Landscape Report 91 Planning 94 Relationship to Park Plans 94 Decisions About Treatment 94 Compliance 95 Use 96 Funding and Staffing 96 Stewardship 96 General Treatment 96 Preservation 98 Rehabilitation 100 Restoration 101 Reconstruction 102 Biotic Systems Treatment 103 Specimen Plant Management 104 Vegetation Systems Management 105 Pest Management 105 Endangered Species 106 Inventory and Condition Assessment Program (ICAP) 106 Partnerships 106 Acquisition of Lands and Interests 107 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps28/28contents.htm[3/12/2013 1:48:00 PM] NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) Leases and Agreements 107 Adjacent Lands 107 Destruction or Neglect of Cultural Landscapes 108 Special Issues 108 Cemeteries 108 Circulation Systems 109 Earthworks 110 Monuments, Memorials, and Landscape Remnants 110 Checklist for Management of Cultural Landscapes 111 Chapter 8: MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC STRUCTURES 113 Introduction 113 Resource Definition 113 Program Objectives 113 Research 114 dentification, Evaluation, and Registration 114 Historic Resource Study 114 National Register Nominations 115 List of Classified Structures 115 Categories of Significance 115 Documentation and Investigation 116 Historic Structure Report 116 Graphic Documentation 119 Archival Considerations 120 Planning 120 Treatment Planning 120 Ultimate Treatment 121 Historic Property Preservation Database (HPPD) 122 Removal or Neglect 122 Use of Historic Structures 122 Park Housing 123 Museums 123 Commemorative Works and Plaques 123 Codes, Regulations, and Contemporary Development 124 Design Compatibility 124 Accessibility 124 Safety and Security 125 Energy Conservation 125 Administrative Issues 125 Compliance 125 Funding and Staffing 126 Construction Documents 126 Stewardship 127 Treatment and Use 127 Preservation 128 Rehabilitation 129 Restoration 131 Reconstruction 132 Monitoring and Inspections 133 Protection 133 Partnerships 133 Leasing 134 Special Use Permits 134 Cooperative Agreements 134 Concession Agreements 134 Conveyance 135 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/nps28/28contents.htm[3/12/2013 1:48:00 PM] NPS Office of Policy: NPS-28, Cultural Resource Management (Contents) Checklist for Management of Historic and Prehistoric Structures 136 Chapter 9: MANAGEMENT OF MUSEUM OBJECTS 137 Introduction and Objectives 137 Types of Museum Collections 138 Library Materials 142 Program Objectives 142 Research 143 Scope of Collections 143 Acquisition 143 Documentation 144 Accessioning 144 Cataloging 144 Research Use of Collections 145 Interpretive Uses of Collections 145 Outgoing Loans 145 Deaccessioning 146 Planning 147 Park Planning 147 Collection Management Planning 147 Collection Management Plan 147 Collection Storage Plan 148 Collection Condition Survey 148 Exhibit Plan and Design 148 Historic Furnishings Report 149 Relationship to Historic Structures 149 Submissions to Cultural Resources Management Bibliography 149 Stewardship 150 Protection of Museum Objects 150 Preservation of Museum Objects 150 Preventive Conservation 150 Conservation Treatment 151 Accounting for Museum Objects 151 Annual Physical Inventory 151 Collections Management Report 152 Assessment of Conditions 152 Consumptive Use of Museum Objects 152 Historic Furnishings 154 Staffing and Funding 155 Checklist for Management of Museum Objects 156 Chapter 10: MANAGEMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESOURCES 157 Overview and Introduction 157 The Park Applied Ethnography Program 157 Need for Ethnographic Technical Assistance and Data 158 Traditionally Associated Groups and Resource Uses 158 Traditional Ethnographic Cultural and Natural